How to evaluate an Intel processor when choosing a laptop?

Question

Iron

Looking for a budget laptop for work. On a working desktop - Intel Celeron G1840 (2.8 GHz), 4 GB of RAM, HDD, integrated video card. Everything suits me.
The laptops in question (I'm looking for 4 GB of RAM) have the following processors:
Intel Celeron N2840
Intel Celeron N2830
Intel Celeron 2957U
Intel Celeron 1005M
Intel Pentium 3558U
Intel Pentium 3805U
Intel Pentium Dual-Core
Questions:
1. The main question is whether the differences between all these processors are significant and Core i-3?
2. Are there any significant differences between the processors above that are worth paying attention to?
3. In such a situation, does it make sense to pay attention to something else (video card, chipset, manufacturer ...)?
4. Does it make sense now to choose a laptop "compatible" with Linux?
5. Should I consider AMD processors, for example, AMD Dual-Core E1-6010?
6. Is it possible to somehow estimate whether it will work better / worse than on a desktop with the configuration presented at the beginning?
Thank you.

Answer 1

1. Are there significant differences between the Kalashnikov assault rifle and the Stechkin pistol? I think that you will find both common features and a clear advantage in solving some problems.
2. It is worth taking more expensive and what money is enough for (if the electricity bill is not scary)
3. You can not pay attention to anything other than the processor and the size of the RAM (8 - 16) and screen resolution. Vidyuha plays a role in games
4. There is no point. One hell will work through the op. Virtualization if Cho will save you anyway
5. Not worth it. If you are not a sadomaso and do not like to change equipment often. Most of these prots either quickly become obsolete or die. There are none on the secondary market.
6. Desktop is always cooler. Even if everything is identical. The laptops have mobile processors. They have a knack for energy saving

Answer 2

Here you can compare processors, and read more about each.
Or type proc1 vs proc2 and google search will bring up CPU comparison on CpuBoss.com