How to deal with encoding in Mac OS?

Question

System administration

The director decided to switch completely to Apple and problems began.
They sent a document in doc format by mail, there are squares instead of text, when opened in MS Office for Apple, the font is bookman old style, and if you select this text and select this font again, the text becomes readable.
When he writes a letter to a certain addressee, he replies that he cannot read it, only hieroglyphs come, he sends back and there really are hieroglyphs (ɅΔ phŁӔɞΏ), although I can’t repeat this mistake, thunderbird and outlook normally show letters from him.
How to deal with it? I rummaged through the entire settings menu and system and in Mail and simply can not find any mention of encodings.

Answer 1

On the first point - apparently you are using different versions of the same font (described differently) on different computers. In order not to mess around with the installed fonts, just write a macro that will do it for you.
On the second point - always use Unicode to send mail, this should be set somewhere in the settings of your mail client, and warn the addressee about this so that he can set the desired encoding himself.