How to create custom data type in Joomla?

Question

Joomla

I haven’t really worked with this system before, the question is theoretical:
let’s say the task is to make your own data type (material) with your own fields, etc., so that you can add it in the admin panel and then display it on the front. Let it be a "portfolio" for the sake of simplicity.

• create a new menu item "Portfolio" in the admin panel (or how is it usually implemented on this CMS?)
  
• When you click on "add to portfolio" open a page with the following fields: title, date, client, link, description, gallery, main photo.
  
• Save to DB
  
• Display in the admin panel a list of all works in the portfolio with the ability to edit and delete
  

How is this usually implemented in this CMS? Modules? By means of the system itself? Question from the series "where to look, so as not to shovel hundreds of videos and articles in vain"

Answer 1

Additional fields in Joomla:
joom4all.ru/sites-creation/basics/custom-fields

Answer 2

Option 1 - find a ready-made portfolio component on the Joomla Extensions Directory , install and fill it out.
Option 2 - use Joomla content with layout overrides and custom fields. Here is a manual article describing the principle. Then you do for yourself as you need.