How to comprehensively improve thinking?

Question

IT education

Forgive me Captain Obvious: It's no secret to any of us that cognitive ability is what defines who we are now and who we will be tomorrow. Whether we become Teslas, Masks, Gates "when we grow up" or at least get closer to them - this largely depends on the paradigms, methodologies, code and content that fill our heads with you.
The QUESTION is simple and complex at the same time, how to become smarter, not to know more, stuffing yourself with content and ready-made patterns, namely, to develop the mind as a tool for cognition?
UPDATES
Steps towards answering my question:

• getsmarter.ru - Blog article, not so much about thinking, but about the social mind and choosing the right path in life. Given on the Toaster, as an answer (thanks to Rustam Safin ) to a question similar to mine .
  Summary of the article (in the context of the question): Improving thinking requires systematic practice in solving new problems for us.
  

Answer 1

Best of all, the mind, as an instrument of knowledge, develops philosophy . So get busy with it ... of course, without neglecting other sciences (instruments of knowledge), and the same despicable content - raw materials that a trained mind will critically process, turning into pure knowledge :)