How much Windows performance is lost on an NVME external drive?

Question

Hard disks

Please tell me, if you install Windows on an external NVME hard drive (USB 3.0 connection), will the performance drop significantly compared to the internal drive, and what exactly will this manifest itself in? (only the speed of downloading files will drop, or are there any other parameters?)

Answer 1

USB 3.0 has a maximum speed of 500 Mb / s
NVMe drive while it can 7000/5000 Mb / s
That is, at least 10 times the loss.
But there will still be a loss in iops.
And there is also an overhead for converting USB <-> nvme
And the adapter can be crooked, then it will be even worse.
And all operations that are associated with the disk will slow down, not just downloading files.
So it's better to connect directly if possible, or at least use USB 3.2 / USB 4 / Thunderbolt

Answer 2

NVME speed will drop to sata SSD speed. So in general the norms
This is reflected in the overall performance of the entire system.

Answer 3

Yes, everything will fall, there will be no performance, so it’s not in vain that everyone is sitting not on the usb