How many bad sectors are allowed on a hdd?

Question

Hard disks

There is an old laptop in the country, it is 6 years old. In December 2019, the hdd was covered. I changed it. Now on a new relatively (9 months) hdd, launched the first time victoria. The results were stunning. Out of 1,000,000 sectors, only 600,000 are white. What to do with this, and is this normal on a new disk (wd, I don’t know the model)? And how many pixels in general is an adequate amount. For example, it's worth waiting on a PC, it's been waiting for 6 years already. And he has 998,000 of 1,000,000 white sectors

Answer 1

I think you are confusing a broken sector with a sector that is not read as fast as you would like.
A broken sector is not readable, and the color value is the sectors on which it was counted at different speeds.
White - up to 4 ms
Gray - up to 16 ms
Dark gray - up to 40 ms
Green - up to 140 ms
Orange - up to 600 ms
Red more - more than 600 ms
Err - when reading is not possible
The reading speed depends on several factors
- Pancake rotation speed
- The load at the time of testing on the disk
, etc ...
In my subjective opinion, it is not desirable to have orange sectors on the system disk for stable operation, and if there are errors, it is better to change the disk in order to avoid data loss.

Answer 2

0 pieces exactly. Modern disks have a reserve of sectors, so that initially broken sectors are replaced by sectors from the reserve transparently for the user.
If there are bads on the disk, it means that the reserve is exhausted, and it's time for the disk to rest.
Repainting a sector in a different color with Victoria does not mean that it is broken. The disk mechanics are not perfect, so not all sectors respond quickly.
A broken sector is one about which Victoria directly writes that it is broken.