How is time calculated in electronics?

Question

Electronics

Here the minute is calculated by seconds (60*1).
And seconds to milliseconds.
And in the end, where does the unit of time end, or how does the creation of time begin?

Answer 1

At the physical level, the crystal oscillator produces a signal of a strictly defined frequency. This resonance frequency in a quartz crystal , which is determined only by its physical dimensions and (almost) does not depend on temperature, fields and other environmental factors. In terms of accuracy, this mechanism is quite a bit inferior to atomic clocks .
Further, this signal is fed to the input of the counter , which counts the number of cycles per unit of time and generates an interrupt that signals the expiration of the unit of time or increments the register that stores the time value in specified units.