How does Windows check Internet access?

Question

Computer networks

I think everyone knows the network connection icon in Windows (which is in the tray).
So, someone will tell you how the system determines whether there is Internet access, and accordingly puts an orange sign if not, and vice versa.
The computers in the organization where I work do not have direct access to the Internet. But sometimes on computers, the network control center shows access to the Internet (which in fact is not).

Answer 1

For example

Answer 2

1) Open CMD
2) Enter in the console ping -n 4 8.8.8.8
ping is a command that will send requests to the Internet
-n says that it will send requests to the Internet several times
4 means that the computer will throw exactly 4 requests to internet
8.8.8.8 is google ip, you can also enter 192.168.1.1 or any other ip address, but not the point
then, at the end of this command, the console will tell you how many requests (packets) were sent and how many were received, then it will show the number of losses
if 100% loss, it means that you do not have the Internet, if the loss is less than 100 percent or even zero, then the Internet is working for you