How does the "cross" work in Mac OS?

Question

macOS

I’ll say right away on a poppy recently, so stupid questions appear.
The fact that the "cross" in the upper left corner closes the window, but not the process, is understandable.
But here's the thing ... On the example of Chrome. Until recently, I pressed the "cross" window was retracted into the dock. I press the icon in Chrome in the dock, the window expands with all the tabs.
And everything seemed to be fine. And then all of a sudden (tm) the button started behaving differently. It also seemed to hide the window in the dock, but when the window was opened from the dock, the tabs were not restored. And it's the same in Firefox. It infuriates terribly, especially since before that "suddenly" everything worked as it should.
Some might say that you can check the box next to "hide window in dock icon". Well, yes. But I liked that with a cross I could move the window to the dock, and then call it back. And with a "dash" to minimize the window to the dock - if there are several windows, then it is convenient when they are in the dock under their icon.
In general, the question is how to return everything back to normal?
And yet, in some applications, the cross still kills the process, and does not remove the active window. Basically, I'm confused...

Answer 1

Ideally, the cross closes the window, leaves the process. CMD+H hides the window, but leaves both it and the process. The dash minimizes the window to the dock. Plus sign (OS X <10.10) maximizes the window on the current desktop, OS X 10.10+ maximizes the window in a new space, option+plus sign expands to the logical maximum (for example, safari to the size of a written sheet on the screen, instant messengers to the maximum height with the optimal field width for messages, etc.), but not all developers follow the guidelines and set these parameters correctly. To exit, use CMD + Q or the corresponding command in the AppMenu. Also, don't forget about the magic of the Option key - it turns the exit into a forced unload.
What you need is CMD+H or AppMenu - Hide Window/Hide, because sometimes a hotki is busy with something (as in Photoshop, for example) and either there is no alternative for it, or another combination is set. I'm attaching a screenshot.

Answer 2

Right button in the Dock and Quit - unloads.

Answer 3

Справа от "крестика" есть "минус". Он и делает то, что вы хотите.

Answer 4

Правая кнопка закрывает окно, но не выгружает само приложение, если не было выставлено в настройках Info.plist :)
Quit - завершает приложение, выгружая его из памяти.
Спасибо первому комментарию, узнал кое-что новое :)