How does Telegram Desktop normally work out of the box without a proxy?

Question

proxy

I downloaded the portable version of Telegram (for Windows) from the official website. Naturally, without a VPN, you can’t get through there.
I launched the exe-file, entered the phone number, entered the code from the SMS and after a few seconds all my chats were loaded into the application.
VPN is not installed on the PC, only the extension in Chrome and then it was turned off. I looked in the Telegram Desktop settings and saw this:

As I understand it, some proxy server addresses are already wired into the application and they are automatically used.
Actually the question is:
How / why are these built-in proxies still alive? After all, the RKN often bans proxies that are used to access Telegram (at least in the Android application I have at least 1 time in a third of the year a free proxy specialized in Telegram becomes unavailable).
PS
And another question a little off topic:
If Telegram is blocked in Russia (at least they try to do so), then how / why do I receive SMS with a code from Telegram? Can't the operators block them or just don't care at all?

Answer 1

Surrendered to you these proxies.
For the successful operation of the messenger client application in blocking conditions, it is not necessary that the connection be through a proxy, VPN, or something else. It is enough that at least one server is not blocked. When servers are constantly changing, this condition is fairly easy to meet. To keep the application running in the long run, it is enough to change the IP servers faster than they are blocked. What is happening with Telegram.
You will probably ask, but what about the Telegram website then? And it’s very simple: it’s much easier to block a site, since DNS immediately gives all the IPs on which it is hosted. Therefore, to access the site, you need a VPN or proxy, since the blocking party has an advantage in this situation.
As for SMS with a code, blocking them is just as difficult as blocking a client application, because you can send these SMS using a variety of gateways, so you cannot block them by the outgoing number. It’s also not so easy to block them in terms of content, because “confirmation codes” also come from other services.

Answer 2

For example, such a simple scheme that suggests itself first.
Suppose we have 1000 proxies in different parts of the world.
We divide all users of the Russian Federation into 100 parts and give each part its own proxy.
Some of these proxies are blocked, but not all, because the RKN then has to get tired of connecting from different parts.
We again divide each part of users in which the proxies were burned into 100 parts and distribute our proxies to them.
Thus, we are gradually washing out accounts and ips from which the RKN is looking for a proxy.
The same applies to new connections. We let new users into proxies, which are not a pity, and in parts. If some part sits on the proxy for a long time and this proxy is not banned, then users can be transferred to the main proxy.
In general, this is a war of bullets and armor. As you understand, there is no winning strategy. But there are many things you can think of.

Answer 3

I read that new servers come to telegrams through push notifications. If a hundred servers have arrived, then check the successful cases of technology, those that have fallen off are sent to the server, because from the amazon telegram, then in order to get a new ip, it’s enough to stop and start the instance again, respectively, those that have fallen off just restart.

Answer 4

The severity of the laws is compensated by the optionality of their implementation ...
Of course, the RKN does something there, blocks something, it even turns out to block something :D But this is all parallel to you ... exactly until the moment a patrol stops you on the street and asks show phone :) - dozens of cases are easily googled in tyrnet. They find a cart in the phone, ask to open it. Very convincing...