How does a computer understand zeros and ones?

Question

Electronics

Hey!
Can you explain to me or better throw off a link where you can read about how a computer understands 0010101. It's not about the binary system, but about how the electrical circuit understands symbols (numbers) and converts them into letters. How can electricity calculate, and how did people manage to drive a binary system into a computer???

Answer 1

There is a very simple explanation that is good to start with.
0 and 1 are off/on, no current/current on.
All logic circuits are based on this principle. On/off, open/close, high/low, true/false, yes/ no, more / less. Hence the
binary logic, see Boole algebra...
And technically this is implemented by logic circuits .

Answer 2

Well, the type lived was a transistor means. And he was so extremely radical all of himself - he had no other moods in life, except for two - either he said “yes” to everyone and passed through himself everything that flew into one ear (left hole), then from the other (right hole) flew out immediately. Or his mood could change, then he became extremely negative and stopped letting himself through any information - closed in on himself, thinking about the main thing.
And his mood depended on how well he ate. You put normal food in his mouth (third hole) - he is kind, he agrees to everything, he passes information through himself. As soon as you start to feed him less than he wants (he has a certain level of necessary nutrition) - he immediately disconnected from the world and did not react to anything until you shoved enough food into his mouth again. And so it happened that the analog nutrition level, that is, the amount of food that you put in his mouth, eventually turns into a binary value - 0 or 1 on the right ear.
And if we find the same friends for our transistor and combine them, then we can get a digital circuit. In which, depending on the nutrition supplied to different mouths and left ears, we will receive different combinations of nutrition on the right ears. Most often, transistors are connected in a rather strange way - the right ear of one to the mouth of the other, so that the first controls the mood of the second. Etc. The more transistors, the more difficult it is to come up with an algorithm that this circuit will implement.
And in modern processors, millions of these transistors (to be more precise, about 1,400,000,000 at the moment) are soldered together. in order to recognize input commands and issue a result according to a given scheme.
You ask, my little friend, how does the socket connect to the processor? How do these 220Vs turn into 0s and 1s on my monitor? And the thing is that the power supply converts the alternating current into direct current, which is then fed to the processor. The power supply is not at all tricky - a couple of diodes and a transformer, you can even assemble it yourself at home from shit and sticks. And more interesting.
But if you apply current to a circuit of transistors, will they freeze in one position given by the circuit, and nothing will happen? Yes, you are right, in order for the computer to think, it is necessary to change the current on its input legs, thereby giving it different commands. But here the problem of synchronization arises - it is impossible to change the voltage at once (physics, like, chemistry is there, electrons run, the charge changes, holes must be formed in time) - a certain time is needed. Therefore, they came up with "frequency". An important crystal sits next to the transistors, which generates a current along a sinusoid with a uniform frequency. This sinusoid straightens a little, turning into an endless stream of "power on" and "no power" changing at the same frequency. On the graph, it looks like a saw, approximately. And so everyone agreed that they would pinpoint the moment,
PS I made a small assumption. In fact, in the right ear there are not 1 and 0, but exactly the same voltage that you applied to the left ear if the transistor is on, or none if it is off. But most often it is a low current. Due to the level of power required at the mouths of the transistors, this small current can be either less than what is needed (0) or more than what the transistor turns on (1). It all depends on what the transistor is made of. It's chemistry, my friend. Alloys, metals. They are also called semiconductors, because they have not yet decided whether they are always ready to pass current, or never. This cunning people took advantage of this, forcing semiconductors to change their mood and allow you to play minecraft.

Answer 3

yes, there are no numbers
, only signals are
frequency
and the frequency went from the generator
, it has magnets and a rotor
, so the computer turned out to be a
hurdy-gurdy ancestor of the computer!

Answer 4

>> how does an electrical circuit understand symbols (numbers) and convert them into letters
I'm not a real welder, but letters are only in your head. Everything else is the result of the transmission of electrical signals from one device to another. A device, such as a display, does not know that it is showing letters, and a printer does not know that it is printing letters. These are just luminous or reflected dots or dust particles.
>> How electricity can calculate
When I did not yet know what a computer was, but heard that they exist, I thought that programming was like a kaleidoscope. You look into the magic "tube", turn it and look at the result. I even imagined that this process of "coleidoscopy" of the program can be done simply by turning on / off the power button, because. bits in memory should be in random states. Like, this is the program. Since then, 35 years have passed, of which I have been programming / administering for more than 20 years. But damn it. I don't fucking understand how electricity "counts"))) To make electricity "count" a huge number of scientists and engineers work in different fields.

Answer 5

You may be interested in this course of lectures - https://www.youtube.com/user/Zefar91/videos

Answer 6

not really about the binary system but also interesting bamz