How are domains registered?

Question

Domain name market

I am clarifying. How do the most direct persons register domains?
Of the famous ones, I know: godaddy and reg in Russian.
There are many hosting companies that also carry out registration.
How to create a domain yourself, how does this domain name appear, how is it created?
If it’s still clear with hosting, it’s just a server by and large, then what about domains?
Simplified, how to make it so that I know that this domain definitely belongs to ME, and not to some company.

Answer 1

There are root DNS servers. They serve the "." zone, which is implicit in any domain name and which actually contains a list of all first-level domains. Every first-level domain belongs to someone. For example, the com domain is verizon.
In fact, when registering the superdomain.com domain, you need to add something like
superdomain IN NS ns1.superdomain.com to the com zone.
superdomain IN NS ns2.superdomain.com.
ns1.superdomain.com. IN A 1.1.1.1
ns2.superdomain.com. IN A 1.1.1.2
It is also necessary to enter the relevant information into the whois database.
Technically, this is done by the zone owner. The owner of the zone can delegate this authority to someone, so you get a registrar.
Register a new first-level domain - you need to agree with the owner of the root dns servers to make a similar entry. Roughly speaking, the owner of the root servers is ICANN.
Well, if on the fingers.

Answer 2

I will describe in relation to nic.ru - since I don’t know others.
Go to nic.ru, fill out the form. If documents are requested, send scans. All - you are a client of nic.ru. Choose a domain name or other service, deposit money into your account (prices on the site), order the service. If you need some action on your part (for example, raise a third-party server) - do it. Some services begin to be provided instantly - for example, a secondary zone, some - including domain name registration - after a certain period of time. About the beginning of the provision of the service, a notification is sent to the contact soap.
The domain name is taken "out of thin air" - you invent it. And if it has not been registered for anyone yet, you can register it for yourself. That is why all the "good" names have long been assigned to someone.
Name length is not limited. But in the course of the names are no more than six characters - longer only if it is a common word or a well-known brand name.
You cannot "buy" a domain name. Theoretically, you can buy a root zone (TLD), but it costs money that the average citizen would never dream of. The domain name is rented. Like an apartment. Paid - live. No money - free the living space, please.
After the service is paid, you will receive the right to administer this name. You can do anything - connect it to the server or not, use it or not - no one will say anything until the service is paid.
Can it be "taken away"? No. You can't take away what doesn't belong. But the lease agreement can be terminated. There are many subtleties there, but it is enough for an ordinary person to stay away from:
- politoty
- intersection of interests with large companies
- criminality
Yes, domain partitioning is a serious and usually extreme or one of extreme measures, and it is not used right and left. But the possibility is there and should not be ignored.