Hard drive partitions are only visible in the pocket. MBR or partition table? How to cure?

Question

Hard disks

Greetings. Actually 2 NTFS partitions were created as standard in Windows through a pocket. And they are visible only through the pocket ... What is the problem and how to solve it, provided that there is nowhere to transfer 600GB data. Disk Samsung 2.5" 640GB
Thank you in advance

Answer 1

Perhaps the answer is no longer relevant?
but actually I don’t think to answer, because I don’t have an unambiguous answer, there are only reflections. It's just interesting, was the problem somehow solved technically (except for stupid copying of data to another disk)))?
I dare to assume that the partitions on the disk were redistributed more than once?