Connecting the cooler to the 12 volt adapter. Won't burn?

Question

Cooling systems

Guys, a question from the series IN SCHOOL YOU HAVE TO STUDY BETTER .
I plan to turn on the cooler (fan, old from the case) not from a computer power supply, but directly from the network. I found an old adapter from a long-lost router for 12V * 0.5A . The cooler runs on just 12 volts , but it says 0.18A on it .
1) Since I don’t really understand electricity, a logical question arises - are resistors needed in the circuit to reduce the current strength, since the adapter gives it 2.5 times more? .. Or will the current simply not be used? ..
2 ) Is it possible to connect a second cooler to the circuit? .. And what is the wiring diagram in this situation?
3) And a passing question - if we cut it in directly, is there any other element in the chain needed to secure this design? ..

Answer 1

It will not burn out, the adapter does not produce any current, this is the consumer current (power) for which it is designed (cross-section of the transformer windings, etc.), it can be second in parallel, no element is needed.

Answer 2

It can be seen from the comments that you do not understand the practical meaning of the terms "voltage" and "current". In this case, a comparison with the flow of water helps to understand. Stress is analogous to pressure, or the difference in levels above or below the dam. And the current is an analogue of the flow of water (it is not in vain that it is consonant with the word "flow"). If the tap is closed (switch off, circuit open) then no matter what the voltage/pressure, there will be no (current) flow.
Now with your example. There is an adapter 12 V, 0.5 A. We turn it on - the output is 12 volts, and no current, although it says 0.5 a - the path for the flow has not yet been created. We connect the cooler - such a current has gone that the cooler requested, i.e. 0.18 a, and no more (the stream flows according to the size of the hole that was opened to it). The remaining 0.32 amperes are not yet in demand. We connect another similar cooler - the current has increased to 0.36 a (two flows of 0.18 each). Since the adapter can provide 0.5, everything is fine. But if we connect another such cooler, the total current will increase to 0.54 A, which is more than the allowable for the adapter - it will be overloaded, the impossible is required of it. If more flow overflows the dam than can come down the river, then since the water has gone, the upper level above the dam will drop. Similarly, when overcurrent, the output voltage of the adapter will drop and will already be less than 12 volts. If overload protection is not provided in the adapter circuit, it will simply overheat and may burn out. If protection is provided, then in case of overload it will work, the adapter will turn off, the output current will disappear.
If there is no built-in overload protection, then usually an element such as a fuse is included in series in the circuit. By burning itself, it protects the rest of the circuit, which is much more expensive, from damage. In your case, it is useful to include a 0.5 A fuse in series with the output circuit of the adapter. But the actual combustion current of cheap fuses is not accurate and can be in the range of -30% ... +80%. So don't be surprised if you see that such a fuse blows when only two coolers are connected, or doesn't blow at all when the entire adapter is already in smoke.