Comparison of two AMD processors. Why such a difference in performance?

Question

AMD

Good day! I thought about upgrading my computer and decided to look at the processors that are now on the market. I compare the relatively new AMD Ryzen 5 1400 with my current AMD FX-4300 and see a rather surprising picture: the FX-4300 was released in 2012, but in terms of characteristics it seems to be not much worse (and in some places better) than the Ryzen 5 1400 released in 2017
Both have 4 cores The
new processor has a lower frequency (3200 MHz vs 3800 MHz)
The new one has more L1 cache (4x64+4x32 KB vs 4x16+2x64 KB) and L3 cache (8192 vs 4096 KB)
but less L2 cache (4x512 Kb versus 2x2048 Kb)
Of course, the new one has a more modern technical process (14 nm versus 32 for the old one) and less heat dissipation. Also, the old one, unlike the new one, supports HyperThreading.
Judging by the tests, the performance of the new stone is about twice as high as that of the old one.
Question: what is the reason for such a difference with quite comparable characteristics (despite the fact that the frequency of the new processor is significantly lower than that of the old one? The new processor executes more instructions per clock cycle? Or something else?

Answer 1

Here is the answer to your question. There is also an example table, take a look.
To put it simply, gigahertz from 2012 is less efficient than gigahertz from 2017. Even if the number is the same.
Because the processor can execute N instructions in one clock cycle.

For users and purchasers of a computer system, instructions per clock is not a particularly useful indication of the performance of their system. For an accurate measure of performance relevant to them, application benchmarks are much more useful. Awareness of its existence is useful, in that it provides an easy-to-grasp example of why clock speed is not the only factor relevant to computer performance.

Answer 2

It's all about the architecture! ryzen performs twice as many operations per clock. Multithreading!
Well, of course, even the Ryzen 5 1400, if compared with the 8th core 8350, then by itself the second one will lose in 95% of cases due to poor ipc and ddr3