Cannot set up network. Linux + Broadcom wi-fi card = pings go through one, the network does not work. What can be done?

Question

linux

Good day to all.
I decided to put on a Debian laptop. Everything would be fine, but something fails to defeat wi-fi. I installed the firmware, everything seemed to be set up, the connection to the router seems to be normal. But the network is not working. Pings go, but half is lost. It is not possible to wait for a response to requests to the network, although no one says that there is no network. Twice after the reboot, the first connection started the network in normal mode, but after the next reboot, the network stopped working again. I could not find any differences in these states. On the same laptop, the second system is Windows, where wi-fi works without any complaints.
In general, at the moment the situation is as follows: There is a bare Debian Jessie, how much bare it could be installed from a standard installation disk. Installed firmware-brcm80211 and firmware-realtek. Without the latter, the situation does not change.

$ cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.16.0-4-amd64 ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.8.4 (Debian 4.8.4-1) ) #1 SMP Debian 3.16.7-ckt11-1+deb8u3 (2015-08-04)

$ lspci -nn
00:00.0 Host bridge [0600]: Intel Corporation 3rd Gen Core processor DRAM Controller [8086:0154] (rev 09)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation 3rd Gen Core processor Graphics Controller [8086:0166] (rev 09)
00:14.0 USB controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family USB xHCI Host Controller [8086:1e31] (rev 04)
00:16.0 Communication controller [0780]: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 [8086:1e3a] (rev 04)
00:1a.0 USB controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 [8086:1e2d] (rev 04)
00:1b.0 Audio device [0403]: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller [8086:1e20] (rev 04)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 1 [8086:1e10] (rev c4)
00:1c.1 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 2 [8086:1e12] (rev c4)
00:1c.3 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 4 [8086:1e16] (rev c4)
00:1d.0 USB controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 [8086:1e26] (rev 04)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge [0601]: Intel Corporation HM77 Express Chipset LPC Controller [8086:1e57] (rev 04)
00:1f.2 IDE interface [0101]: Intel Corporation 7 Series Chipset Family 4-port SATA Controller [IDE mode] [8086:1e01] (rev 04)
00:1f.3 SMBus [0c05]: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller [8086:1e22] (rev 04)
00:1f.5 IDE interface [0101]: Intel Corporation 7 Series Chipset Family 2-port SATA Controller [IDE mode] [8086:1e09] (rev 04)
02:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM4313 802.11bgn Wireless Network Adapter [14e4:4727] (rev 01)
03:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller [10ec:8168] (rev 07)

The last lines of dmesg right after the system starts:

$ dmesg
[    7.746665] input: SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad as /devices/platform/i8042/serio1/input/input6
[    7.921512] cfg80211: Calling CRDA to update world regulatory domain
[    7.942148] uvcvideo: Found UVC 1.00 device Integrated Camera (5986:0295)
[    7.943123] input: Integrated Camera as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.5/1-1.5:1.0/input/input12
[    7.943205] usbcore: registered new interface driver uvcvideo
[    7.943206] USB Video Class driver (1.1.1)
[    7.971896] [drm:cpt_set_fifo_underrun_reporting] *ERROR* uncleared pch fifo underrun on pch transcoder A
[    7.971897] [drm:cpt_serr_int_handler] *ERROR* PCH transcoder A FIFO underrun
[    8.016879] EXT4-fs (sda3): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro
[    8.287793] intel_rapl: Found RAPL domain package
[    8.287794] intel_rapl: Found RAPL domain core
[    8.287796] intel_rapl: Found RAPL domain uncore
[    8.400045] systemd-journald[182]: Received request to flush runtime journal from PID 1
[    8.425573] Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 170x48
[    8.429490] i915 0000:00:02.0: fb0: inteldrmfb frame buffer device
[    8.429492] i915 0000:00:02.0: registered panic notifier
[    8.470184] ACPI: Video Device [GFX0] (multi-head: yes  rom: no  post: no)
[    8.470460] input: Video Bus as /devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A08:00/LNXVIDEO:00/input/input13
[    8.470585] [drm] Initialized i915 1.6.0 20080730 for 0000:00:02.0 on minor 0
[    8.789541] [drm] Enabling RC6 states: RC6 on, RC6p on, RC6pp off
[    8.900489] Support for cores revisions 0x17 and 0x18 disabled by module param allhwsupport=0. Try b43.allhwsupport=1
[    8.900550] b43: probe of bcma0:0 failed with error -524
[    8.900580] Broadcom 43xx driver loaded [ Features: PMNLS ]
[    8.989464] Adding 5858300k swap on /dev/sda5.  Priority:-1 extents:1 across:5858300k FS
[    9.123512] brcmsmac bcma0:0: mfg 4bf core 812 rev 24 class 0 irq 17
[    9.358644] ieee80211 phy0: Selected rate control algorithm 'minstrel_ht'
[    9.502529] cfg80211: World regulatory domain updated:
[    9.502536] cfg80211:  DFS Master region: unset
[    9.502538] cfg80211:   (start_freq - end_freq @ bandwidth), (max_antenna_gain, max_eirp), (dfs_cac_time)
[    9.502542] cfg80211:   (2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm), (N/A)
[    9.502544] cfg80211:   (2457000 KHz - 2482000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm), (N/A)
[    9.502547] cfg80211:   (2474000 KHz - 2494000 KHz @ 20000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm), (N/A)
[    9.502550] cfg80211:   (5170000 KHz - 5250000 KHz @ 80000 KHz, 160000 KHz AUTO), (N/A, 2000 mBm), (N/A)
[    9.502553] cfg80211:   (5250000 KHz - 5330000 KHz @ 80000 KHz, 160000 KHz AUTO), (N/A, 2000 mBm), (0 s)
[    9.502556] cfg80211:   (5490000 KHz - 5730000 KHz @ 160000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm), (0 s)
[    9.502559] cfg80211:   (5735000 KHz - 5835000 KHz @ 80000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm), (N/A)
[    9.502561] cfg80211:   (57240000 KHz - 63720000 KHz @ 2160000 KHz), (N/A, 0 mBm), (N/A)

Here the lines [7.971896], [7.971897], [8.900550] are confusing, but I have no idea where to dig.
Next, connect wi-fi:

$ ifconfig wlan0 up
$ iwconfig wlan0 essid Merzley
$ wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
$ dhclient wlan0

After these manipulations, the following is added to dmesg:

[   29.167503] brcmsmac bcma0:0: firmware: direct-loading firmware brcm/bcm43xx-0.fw
[   29.176225] brcmsmac bcma0:0: firmware: direct-loading firmware brcm/bcm43xx_hdr-0.fw
[   29.295045] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: qos enabled: false (implement)
[   29.295114] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_config: change power-save mode: false (implement)
[   29.295797] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready
[  156.010623] wlan0: authenticate with 2c:39:96:8d:71:f0
[  156.013345] wlan0: send auth to 2c:39:96:8d:71:f0 (try 1/3)
[  156.015092] wlan0: authenticated
[  156.017668] wlan0: associate with 2c:39:96:8d:71:f0 (try 1/3)
[  156.021051] wlan0: RX AssocResp from 2c:39:96:8d:71:f0 (capab=0x411 status=0 aid=2)
[  156.021670] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcmsmac: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: associated
[  156.023840] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: qos enabled: true (implement)
[  156.026089] wlan0: associated
[  156.026114] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlan0: link becomes ready
[  156.042256] brcmsmac bcma0:0: wl0: brcms_c_d11hdrs_mac80211: X\xffffffcb\xfffffff7\xffffffc1 txop exceeded phylen 159/256 dur 1778/1504
[  156.066339] brcmsmac bcma0:0: wl0: brcms_c_d11hdrs_mac80211: X\xffffffcb\xfffffff7\xffffffc1 txop exceeded phylen 137/256 dur 1602/1504
[  188.743785] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: arp filtering: 1 addresses (implement)

$ ifconfig
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr a4:17:31:bc:e1:9b  
          inet addr:192.168.1.2  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::a617:31ff:febc:e19b/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:33 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:37 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:3486 (3.4 KiB)  TX bytes:4424 (4.3 KiB)

$ iwconfig
wlan0     IEEE 802.11bgn  ESSID:"Merzley"  
          Mode:Managed  Frequency:2.412 GHz  Access Point: 2C:39:96:8D:71:F0   
          Bit Rate=6.5 Mb/s   Tx-Power=19 dBm   
          Retry short limit:7   RTS thr:off   Fragment thr:off
          Encryption key:off
          Power Management:off
          Link Quality=54/70  Signal level=-56 dBm  
          Rx invalid nwid:0  Rx invalid crypt:0  Rx invalid frag:0
          Tx excessive retries:10  Invalid misc:16   Missed beacon:0

$ ping -c 100 8.8.8.8
***
--- 8.8.8.8 ping statistics ---
100 packets transmitted, 78 received, 22% packet loss, time 99248ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 52.072/89.598/403.852/59.016 ms

ping to the router - the situation is identical.
If someone can help, I will be very grateful. Thanks in advance.

Answer 1

02:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM4313 802.11bgn Wireless Network Adapter [14e4:4727] (rev 01)

The problem is known (it seems to be the same):
- new modifications of Broadcom 43xx chips are not supported by the Broadcom 43xx driver
- and in Debian, as always, there are junk.
See here: Wi-Fi Broadcom .
And for different versions of the kernel (<3.19, >3.19, ...) a different modification of the driver code is needed.

Answer 2

https://plus.google.com/+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%...
My search history at 12.04 at 14.10 is the same garbage.