Can you give exhaustive answers to questions related to the activities of an Internet provider?

Question

Computer networks

What is the principle of the Internet provider? Does it connect to backbone providers? If yes, then who are they? What are the prices? What backbone providers are there in Ukraine? How is the process of connecting to them?
What equipment is needed for the functioning of the Internet provider? Preferably a detailed list.
How is the process of connecting new customers? Is the Internet connection for clients based on fiber optics or twisted pair? Or both options?

Answer 1

For what purpose are you interested?
>principle of the Internet provider
Buy low, sell high.
> backbone providers
Where it reaches, it connects there. Up to Tier-1 providers who are no longer connected anywhere.
>What backbone providers are there in Ukraine?
Various. See what the needs are.
> the process of connecting to them
Agreed, built physics, agreed on logic, tested, paid (or in another order, it all depends on who and how agreed).
>equipment
Miscellaneous. Depends on needs. Some generally manage with the jobs of managers and other sellers, and only resell the services of a few upstream and downstream operators.
>detailed list.
Development of a project according to your requirements costs either a lot of money or a competent specialist.
> process of connection of new clients
Depends on. Somewhere you need to stretch the optics, turn on the power, install a box, terminating equipment, stretch copper to the client, configure provider equipment and a new client account in billing, configure and issue client terminal equipment. Somewhere - to start a crossover to the right hardware, somewhere to plug the right wire into the right port, somewhere just to describe and spit services to the right people / organizations. There is no universal solution.
>Conducting the Internet to clients is based on
on anything. Optics (both bare Ethernet and all sorts of PONs), copper (both Ethernet and DSL of all kinds), Radio (and Wi-Fi, and its brothers, and * G / LTE). Everywhere is different.