Cable length and ethernet standards?

Question

Computer networks

We have sections where the length of the UTP cable exceeds 100m, and the link, as expected, starts to fall off due to a large number of checksum errors. The solution to the problems was to use gigabit ethernet equipment on both sides in such areas. What's the paradox? After all, the higher the Ethernet standard, the shorter the cable length should be. Explain please.

Answer 1

Ethernet feels great even with a cable length of more than 100 m, here, most likely, the problem was in the equipment, moreover, checksum errors most often indicate problems with the port, in your case it would just be packet loss. They replaced the faulty hardware and everything worked.

Answer 2

100 meters is the standard, not the speed of light. Actual operation over long distances depends on the specific equipment and many other factors.
For myself, I deduced that if the line is longer than 80 meters, then it is better to either cut it or replace it with optics, otherwise it statistically significantly becomes a source of constant problems.

Answer 3

Strongly depends on the manufacturer of the equipment. Even the standard 100 meters for the Chinese is not a fact that they will rise.
There was an experience with network adapters: Intel normally held a little more than 100 meters, while realtek and marvel did not rise to 80. There was also a similar experience when the cable was not standard (2 out of 8 cores were thick aluminum on another cable, similar to a power cable ) and the same ~100 meters segment. Intel picked it up too, but Realtek screwed it up.
From other high-quality brands: broadcom, back in its time was 3Som (now HP bought it).
This is all for network adapters, for hubs and switches, the situation is about the same, but here I didn’t measure the distance myself.
I agree with the previous speakers - if the segment length approaches the maximum, the best solution is to put a repeater in the middle or an intermediate hub / switch.

Answer 4

It all depends on the quality of the wire, connectors, crimping and equipment.
Some manufacturers put a power reserve in some models and then it can easily work in modes exceeding the standard ones (naturally without guarantees
) that doesn't lie

Answer 5

equipment is becoming more advanced and there are many factors different manufacturers different software some overestimate the power some underestimate in the RFC standards everything is written
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RdKSsK9-UrU
https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=0y2W7TP8_dI

Answer 6

The maximum length of 100 m is determined by the signal propagation speed in the medium (we are only talking about Ethernet). Accordingly, the minimum package size is such that it fits entirely in the cable. In this case, if the port on the second side also starts transmitting, the first one will have time to "hear" it until it finishes transmitting its packet and "understands" that the packet will not be delivered. Those. a collision will be detected at the hardware level. Further, it will already be resolved by the adapters themselves, using random delays and retransmission.
The minimum packet size for a gigabit is significantly higher - just for this reason, but there the standard is more complicated and at the packet level it is allowed to collect several portions of data in one transfer.
Accordingly, if the boards are good and the cable is good, then the distance can "break through" more than 100 - and it will work. BUT. The higher the load, the more collisions, and when they exceed 100 m, they are no longer detected by the hardware.
Those. making a cable more than 100 meters and pinging - you will see a good connection. But giving a full load - get a bouquet of problems.
If the distance is greater, then either use a different technology (for example, optics, in which different fibers are used for receiving and transmitting), or put a signal repeater (switch) in the middle.
In fact, the easiest way is the proper location of the wiring closet in the building. With a location in the center and shoulders of 100 meters, few nooks and crannies will remain out of reach.
The connection of different buildings must be thought through in any case, because. there are other problems besides 100 meters - for example, different phases of equipment supply, step voltage, lightning protection, etc.
Z.Y. Gigabit, in your case, simply reduced the load on the line and, accordingly, the number of errors due to speed.
Z.Z.Y. Once upon a time (since the problem is not new), especially electronic engineering comrades solved it by replacing the quartz frequency oscillator on paired network cards. Less frequency - longer packet - more segment.

Answer 7

Why did you decide so? This is not the frequency of the radio signal in the mobile network.
Isn't it easier to add a repeater?