Are there such devices?

Question

Arduino

1. Is there an analogue of ESP-* boards, then with ethernet? Those. everything is the same, but not by air, but by wire? Don't suggest Arduino. You need a ready-made single-board solution in about the same price range as ESP-*.
2. Is there a "sensor" for ESP-*/Arduino that implements such a scheme:

I.e. converting the binary state of the outputs to a number.

Answer 1

1. Wiznet W5100 and above. I would personally take the W5200/W5500. Ideally, the last one. Up to 30MBit can be squeezed out if you try. A working project is being built on the ENC28J60. With bugs and slow connection speed (the chip itself is limited to 10Mbps). Similar in bulk, the only thing is that more often they are NOT-AT, but a driver is needed (although it will be required for AT).
2. Any Parallel to Serial shift register for 4/8/16 or more inputs. Most likely, it will require 3 lines - write strobe (login), clocking and data. With a stretch, you can hang it on SPI, but then already 4 - write strobe (should work before nCS), OutputEnable (if inverted, it connects to "its" nCS), clocking (SCK) and data (MISO).

Answer 2

1. What is the ESP of the board is not clear, maybe there is something to suggest, but the question is unclear.
2. You almost describe "i2c io expander", google for example on maxim-ic They are inexpensive ... they come in 8 or 16 inputs-outputs ...