Archive format with indexed search

Question

Data archiving

Question :
Is there a metadata format that contains information about the composition of the archive and the position of specific files within the archive? Those. so that you can quickly:
1) search for the desired file in the archive;
2) quickly decompress the required file without reading the entire archive (as tar does).
It should also work under linux (debian/ubuntu).

Answer 1

zip for example.

Answer 2

Any major archiver (without the 'solid' mode) actually does just that. the same rar or 7z.
ps What does tar actually do not suit you?