Why won't Debian 10 start on another UEFI PC?

Question

linux

For the sake of interest, I took a 500GB USB Disk to carry a Debian 10 workspace with me, with all the environment.
I put it from LiveCD to disk, marking Encrypted LVM, but if I lose it, no one could use it.
Installation on hardware with full UEFI, without any CSM.
Partitioned by default all in one /dev/sda
Partitions:
/dev/sda1 - fat32 /boot/efi - boot and esp flags
/dev/sda2 - ext2 /boot
/dev/sda3 - Encrypted good

Everything is fine, it works via USB3.0 , is loaded.
Okay, I think I'll finish it at home, but figs, UEFI does not boot, in general, as if the disk is empty for it. Okay, to hell with it, I started doing the same on my home PC, erased the disk to zero, installed it, the OS works, USB2.0 only, well, it doesn’t matter.
Well, well, I brought it back to the working computer, and there the same UEFI nonsense also does not see anything, such as the disk is empty, no "boot manager" or the like.

What did I miss? On the MBR, I remember, the server burned out, nothing, the disk went into another server and it works for itself, but with EFI it won’t work like that?

Answer 1

The solution was found faster on another resource: Solution
Force_grub-efi_installation_to_the_removable_media_path
GrubEFIReinstall#Problem1:_Weak_EFI_implementation...
In fact - forced reinstallation of the bootloader via Rescue Mode from LiveCD.

Answer 2

I suspect that you have partitions in /etc/fstab registered as /dev/sd and not UUID= Show what you have in /etc/fstab:
cat /etc/fstab