Why so many partitions and how to clear them (is it possible)?

Question

linux

The question is, why so many disk partitions? I especially want to know what he is responsible for 20gg. I installed Linux as the second system, and noticed when I did the markup that there was somehow too much of everything. Right-clicking displays only Help. Sections in question were BEFORE INSTALLING Linux.
Under Linux, 3 partitions are allocated - this is the root /, then the swap partition, and then the / home partition. It turned out to be super small under the root, since all applications are installed in it, and home is needed for its files. Is it possible to somehow add places to the root partition from these third-party partitions, let's say the same for 20 gigs?

Answer 1

It seems to be a pre-installed Windows. manufacturers love to stuff shit

Answer 2

Why are there so many sections?

Yes, who knows. Apparently the manufacturer tried. It appears to be a laptop.

how to clean them

First you need to determine which sections are needed and back up the information. It should be remembered that working with partitions is potentially dangerous and you can lose information in case of an emergency or an error.
You can not delete the section where the bootloader is located, most likely this is the second section, but not a fact.
The second section should not be deleted in any case, just the section where the system is. The rest - see if you need them or not.
If not needed, you can remove it directly from the task manager.
The freed up space in the form of an unallocated area can be added to the desired partitions.
Here it should be remembered that you can add space to the end of the section. If the unallocated area is at the beginning of the section, you won't be able to add it using standard methods, you will have to move the sections. Acronis has such utilities.

Answer 3

1 - apparently loading EFI? then there are 2 hidden partitions and not one, as for legacy on mbr. it can be 1000 MB and 266 MB
2 - with some updates, not always, but for example, when updating to 1903, it was definitely backed up by Windows itself. perhaps the second 1000 MB and 352 MB, just such backups
3 - 20 GB at the very end, looks a lot like a recovery partition from the manufacturer. restoration of exactly the version of Windows, and with the software package that was at the time of the sale of the product. the procedure for such a recovery has nothing to do with the Windows "recovery". most often initialized through the bios. whether to keep this section or not depends on your level of knowledge. personally, I would delete it, but judging by your question, I would rather advise you not to rush to delete
4 - you seem to know everything about Linux
already 5 - what to do with it - you have already been advised))
ps if you delete the third partition in a row (1000 MB, 99% that this is a backup and can be deleted) and attach this place to the system partition, prepare in advance instructions and tools for restoring windows boot (or Linux, if you save it) and what is desirable on a separate bootable media (flash drive). instructions can be printed.
the bottom line is that when you change the initial sector of the system partition, as a rule, all bootloaders lose it. that's not fatal. but if at this moment there is no Internet, no system, no knowledge, then you may find yourself in an awkward situation))