Why don't electrons "leak" out of a conductor in an open circuit?

Question

Electronics

Suppose there is a battery, a conductor is connected to its output, the circuit is not closed. Why don't electrons leave this conductor?
As far as I understand the physics of the process, the electrons are distributed along the wire and the current stops when, according to my idea of ​​\u200b\u200bcurrent, the electrons should "flow" from the conductor until they run out or the voltage on the battery becomes 0.
I have been struggling with this riddle for a long time, I will I'd really appreciate it if someone could clarify this for me.

Answer 1

They leave. But they immediately return.
As soon as some electron leaves the conductor, the total charge of the conductor becomes positive (the number of remaining electrons is less than the positive charge of atomic nuclei), and this runaway electron will attract back. Actually, such a process occurs constantly, at high temperatures it is noticeably more vigorous (see "Thermionic emission").

Answer 2

Ahem. I am far from physics, but even I know that electrons do not flow through conductors. The speed of the electrons != the speed of the electric current. It's just that with a closed circuit, the movement of electrons is _slightly_ ordered and, in general, the sum of its (separate electron) motion vectors for a certain period of time is equal to the path from, it seems, plus to minus.

Answer 3

As I understand it, a "hole" travels - a vacant place under the influence of the field. Electrons physically move only to neighboring vacancies.
The circuit was opened - the resistance increased indefinitely and in the conductor (a piece of circuit adjacent to the battery contact) the field strength is actually zero, so no one can force the electron to move from its position to a vacant place. That is, there is a hole, but the electron cannot leave its place.
But if it is cooled to a state of superconductivity ... I don’t know here :)

Answer 4

hmm, depending on which battery
Air breakdown

Answer 5

They don’t flow anywhere, firstly)
In general, they correctly noticed about the resistance. You just need to understand that there are conductors with minimal resistance, there are dielectrics with maximum resistance, and there are materials, semiconductors, which under certain conditions are similar to conductors, and under some conditions - to dielectrics.
There is current only with a closed circuit, with an open circuit - the conductors are at a great distance from each other, they are separated by air, with its high resistance, although, as far as I know, there is a negligibly small current, with a very high resistance, which is not taken into account, but it there is.

Answer 6

Because they are held by the nuclei of atoms, which are positively charged.