Why doesn't mail work after adding a computer to a domain?

Question

Outlook

Hello. Help or tell me where to dig.
In the domain on Server 2008 r2 there are computers on Win7, 8, 8.1. Everything works fine with Outlook 2013, 2010.
Installed Win10Pro. There were problems with starting, searching and saving passwords.
At the moment I was trying to put mail in Outlook 2013 via POP and SMTP. Writes errors 0x800sss92. If you go under the local administrator "on the same network with Internet access" then the mail starts working.
I tried to connect to the Wi-Fi of the phone and through it connect to the box "suddenly something is blocking access", nothing happened either.
I assume that entering the computer into the domain changed some important files, because of which all the magic began.
Has anyone encountered something similar? Or is it easier to demolish everything and set up a new controller, and so on?