Why does the laptop behave differently after adding a RAM bar when loading different OSes?

Question

RAM

Good afternoon! I had 2 samsung ddr3 2g pc3-10600 and ddr3 1g pc3-10600 sticks on my lenovo b560 (i3 370m) laptop. I purchased an additional samsung 4g pc3-12800 bar. Why is it that with all possible combinations of a new stick and old sticks, including a combination with only one new stick, windows 7 loads and works without problems, but when booting linux, both from a hard drive and from usb, there are problems? In a combination of 4 + 1 and 4 + 0, linux boots, but when the RAM is loaded, the laptop goes into reboot (launching a heavy program). In a combination of 4 + 2, when loading linux, the laptop goes into reboot. In windows 7, all combinations work without problems. With another new kingston ddr3 4g pc3-10600 bar, all situations are similar.
Bit depth: windows x86, linux x64

Answer 1

what does memtest say in different versions of the use of RAM, include one stick and in pairs?

Answer 2

Your 4Gb module is not DDR3L by any chance, i.e. low voltage? If not, then put a 2GB memory slot closest to the processor and 4 in the far one. So both modules will work in PC3-10600 mode. Your laptop is too old for 12800.