Why does mail.ru cut out images from emails? And what to do?

Question

Layout of letters

Good afternoon!
This morning, after a night marathon, I ran into a problem. I must say right away that I managed to check only mail.ru. The problem lies in the fact that from a completely correct letter (from the point of view of layout of letters), one single picture is cut out - the Logo. Everything else comes with text and styles, and is displayed as intended.
Tried:
1) src
2) src ( inline )
3) background
4) background ( inline )
Now 2 and 4 options are used at the same time.
There are no pictures.
At the same time, the saved copy on the server is displayed normally in the browser.
What to do?

Answer 1

see how it is done, who displays normally
antispam is always updated