Why does domain registration and the domain itself cost money?

Question

Domain name market

To have a website you need a domain.

Why does domain registration and the domain itself cost money?

For example, for the domain "******.com" I have to pay 10 USD. Who will receive these 10 USD?
Is it possible to get a .com domain forever so that the domain is inherited)))

Who owns all the unoccupied .com domain names?
Who owns domain names before buying or registering them?
Who sets the price for domain names?

And how to create your own domain zone? (For example ******.mydomainname)

Answer 1

Damn, in the name of the White Sun!
Again, some forgive-God-smart, who does not want to use Google (I'm not talking about the local search). Domain registration costs money because there is someone who will collect the data you need to include in the database (and DNS, if only it's just a huge distributed database) and pass it on to someone else who maintains his part of this database. It's all work and it must be paid.

For example, for the domain "******.com" I have to pay 10 USD. Who will receive these 10 USD?

The registrar to whom you submit the data. From this data, he will give something to the technical registrar (which actually accompanies the .com zone), but he may not give anything - the relationship between the registrar and the technical registrar can be built in any way, up to settlement by greyhound puppies :)

Is it possible to get a .com domain forever so that the domain is inherited)))

the domain can not be obtained. In general, from the word at all. You don't get it, you rent it . And from this it follows that it is impossible to pass it on by inheritance, because it does not belong to you. (but there is a little life hack - as a rule, the registrar is completely indifferent - whether you live or die, the main thing for him is that the money drips for rent. Throw an amount equal to one hundred annual payments into the account of the registrar (in the example 10 * 100 = 1000 bucks) and if the registrar, the technical registrar, ICANN or the whole tyrnet in general will not fall into turmoil during this time - the rent will be held by you)

Who Owns All Unoccupied .com Domain Names?

No one, they don't exist

Who owns domain names before they are purchased or registered?

Nobody, they don't exist.
As an object of law, a domain name begins to exist the moment you rent it from a registrar. If you do not renew the lease and the registrar terminates the agreement, at that moment the domain name ceases to exist as an object of right.

Who sets the price for domain names?

Registrar. He is free to set an absolutely arbitrary price and no one can tell him.

And how to create your own domain zone?

In the most general case, contact ICANN. But for this, you need to have a lot of money, a lot of lawyers and a lot of knowledge of business and correspondence English, because you will have to communicate in it. Typically, large firms can afford a "corporate" TLD like .google, .xerox, etc. For an ordinary person - no way (however, "for yourself and your friends" or "for the office" you can simply raise your DNS, on which to configure your zone - the problem is that no one will use this DNS, except for those who will know about it )

Answer 2

In general, if in simple terms, the structure of organizations selling domains looks like this:
There is ICANN - the Corporation for managing domain names and IP addresses. It allows the opening of new domain zones and deals with all other regulatory issues.
There are Registries - they deal with individual domain zones, maintain their registry, control registrars. They also maintain the root DNS servers of their zones and set prices for domains. For example, Verisign manages which zones .com .net .cc .name and a number of others or ANO “Coordination Center for .RU/.РФ Domains”
There are official Registrarsand their partners, and one and the same organization can be the official registrar of some zones, and someone else's partner.
When you buy a domain, a small part is deducted by ICANN, some part is received by the registry (for example, the registry takes about $ 7 for the .com zone, but in the next five years the price will rise to 14, so the prices of all registrars will automatically rise). Registrars take everything in different ways, some are about a dollar or one and a half, some are 5 and 7 and 10 dollars. Therefore, the price of a domain, for example, in the .com zone varies from 8.5 to ....
Until the domain is registered, it does not exist, it does not exist. The exceptions are some reserved domain names and there are some domains bought by registrars for resale.

Answer 3

Why does domain registration and the domain itself cost money?

Because someone has to take them into account, store information about them, etc. This requires people and computers. People need to pay salaries, computers / servers at least have electricity.

For example, for the domain "******.com" I have to pay 10 USD. Who will receive these 10 USD?

Those who are the same authority issuing this domain and making sure that this domain is not "taken" by someone else. Well, or their sub-dealers aka resellers. Which at the expense of wholesale have a discount and sometimes register names cheaper than the main registrar.

Is it possible to get a .com domain forever so that the domain is inherited)))

In the general case it is possible. It is enough to establish a family fund, to fill it with finances sufficient to enable it, firstly, to renew the domain, and secondly, to maintain a sufficient number of lawyers who, if anything, will sue the "missing" domain.

Who Owns All Unoccupied .com Domain Names?

nobody

Who sets the price for domain names?

The one who keeps their records and registration.

And how to create your own domain zone? (For example ******.mydomainname)

Contact ICANN
https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/faqs-2014-01...

Answer 4

Well, first of all, you can get a domain for free. True, this requires special knowledge and skills, equipment. But organizations sell you domains, and they were created specifically to serve people like you. If you don't want to pay, create your own domain. It's like being offended by the fact that at service stations, you don't want to do diagnostics for free.

Answer 5

You can get a domain for free and forever, but it will not be quite the Internet, but rather for networks that work on top - .i2p, .onion (Tor), .bit (ZeroNet), etc.
But not worse either. We need to develop decentralized networks, as in the "regular Internet" - there is too much censorship.