Why can't I boot from a USB flash drive in UEFI mode?

Question

linux

There is, therefore, a laptop. Toshiba Tecra R940-S9420. The laptop is like a 2012 release, has an intel Core i5 3320m and intel graphics on board. I focus on this, because there were 2 revisions of the laptop (1st - on Windows 7, the second - Windows 8). My laptop came with Windows 7 Prof. I suspect that in the edition with Windows 8, the key was sewn into the same UEFI.
"" Installed SSD with MLC memory ""
The device itself fell into my hands with the CSM Boot mode enabled. I never really went into details and all the jokes of laptops with GPT disk partitioning and the Secure Boot option bypassed me. However, it became interesting what is there for UEFI and why everyone does not like it so much. Next is the sequence of actions.
- Enabled UEFI boot mode instead of CSM
- Secure boot disabled.
- I recorded the Ubuntu 16.04.6 distribution kit on another PC using the Rufus utility with GPT partitioning of the flash drive.
- Inserted a flash drive into the laptop, press F12 to boot menu, selected a flash drive with Linux
- Got about 5 lines of errors, more specifically
"Could not get fio for li->DeviceHandle: Invalid Parameter
failed to get device path
failed to find fs: Invalid Parameter
failed to load image \EFI\BOOT\grubx64.efi: Invalid parameter
start_image() returned Invalid Parameter"
Then the laptop goes into reboot and so on cyclically.
Tried fresh Fedora 31 - same thing. Same mistakes.
Then he began to google, but nothing worthwhile was found. Purely for the sake of experimentation, I tried the recorded image of Windows 10 in the same way. I received a fleeting error of 2 lines (I didn’t save the text, but if approximately, then on the first line - Unable to boot from the disk. Second - insert a working disk and press Enter). Google gave out a bunch of sites with different tips, but basically everything was allegedly due to the death of the screw itself. But I have a working ssd, you switch the boot mode back to CSM and you get into 31 Fedora.
And I don't understand. I watched guides on how to install the OS on laptops with UEFI, where the boot process from a USB flash drive is absolutely normal. What can I not know?

Answer 1

with flash drive markup in GPT

What is this for?
Try writing the image to a flash drive with dd and see what happens.