Which microcontroller to choose for a beginner? (and programming language to them)?

Question

Microcontrollers

Good day.
I am a beginner in this business.
And I want to ask you knowledgeable people.
Which specific microcontroller to choose? So that you can then get a job.
From all I know this ↓

1. Arduino
   
2. AVR
   
3. PIC
   

.
Note: Arduino, roughly speaking, as a beginner's kit, hits the wallet. But I'm also looking at it.
I know programming languages ​​↓

1. C++
   
2. Python
   
3. JavaScript - (I know that it is also used in this case)
   

.

Any information will help me. Thank you <3

Answer 1

Which specific microcontroller to choose? So that you can then get a job.

You do not quite understand the essence of the problem. Let's start with the fact that Arduino is not a microcontroller, but a simple system for learning and prototyping based on the AVR MK. Those. Arduino is a set of standards to facilitate development and Arduino = AVR. MK AVR and PIC are now rarely used in industry, mainly MK on the Cortex core (for example STM32) or PLC, but all this is complicatedly expensive and unacceptable for a beginner.

Note: Arduino, roughly speaking, as a beginner's kit, hits the wallet.

Yah! If for you a beginner's set of $ 30-50 is expensive, then forget it.
You also need to understand that Arduino is an open platform. anyone can make them. Naturally, the Chinese take full advantage of this. Most Chinese boards are just as good as Italian and American ones, but at the same time they are 2-3 times cheaper
. Then study STM32, this will give you a chance to get a trainee job in a serious office. Already there you will be taught how to make money on MK programming

Answer 2

it’s worth playing with aurdino for a start, because there is a community of the same gamers and a bunch of ready-made shields with a bunch of ready-made articles "for dummies" how to make a trolleybus out of a loaf of bread.
then all the same, stm32, this is a later, and therefore more advanced platform (although it is an order of magnitude more difficult to read). it is very worthwhile to study it at the hardware level (in assembler, as the pogromists say).
in general, knowledge of c / asm, multiplied by knowledge of the processor hardware, notably clears out of my head a lot of OOP dregs that are inappropriate on an embedded platform.

Answer 3

And what kind of work - homemade? In fact, automation is done on a PLC (Codesys languages). Expensive (although you can start with the Russian Aries), but if you still master SCADA, then you can find a job.

Answer 4

The most popular microcontrollers are STM32. More specifically, now it is better to study new series - STM32H7, STM32G0, STM32F7. They differ from the old STM32F1, STM32F2, STM32F3, STM32F4, STM32F0 series in a more advanced implementation of peripheral devices. That is, the STM32 has 2 main sets of peripherals - old and new, the peripherals within each of these sets are mostly compatible between series. The most budget debugging kit to start with is the "Blue pill" board on STM32F103 + a Chinese copy of STLink. Of the more advanced ones, there are relatively inexpensive STM32H750VBT6-Modul boards. Other types of microcontrollers in demand are Freescale i.MX6, dsPIC. AVR and PIC16 are considered obsolete, and are rarely used, mainly in new versions of old devices on them.
Programming languages ​​- C is mandatory, C ++ - where it is, somewhere it is mandatory, somewhere it is not used at all. This is related to security certification - for C there are approved security standards, for C ++ they are just being developed. Python is useful for testing devices from a PC, JavaScript is useful for developing the web interface of devices.