Which AVR microcontroller to choose?

Question

Microcontrollers

You need to select an AVR microcontroller. I am writing a term paper on the topic "Development of an automated registrar of analog and digital signals." The registrar will have to turn off the load. The microcontroller will be connected to a PC and to an 8-bit recorder. Wiring diagram:
I considered ATMeg128 ATMEL, maybe there is something simpler? Or if this one fits, then why. There is zero understanding in microcontrollers, the AVR has a large choice, which is why difficulties arose.

Answer 1

Wiring diagram:

Where is the AVR on this diagram? Is it a "control scheme" or something else?
But is common sense okay? It is necessary to consider all the arrows entering and exiting the AVR in the diagram and answer the question: what do they represent. What interface is this? The next step is to find an AVR that has as many interfaces of this type, or decide how the available interfaces will be multiplexed.

Answer 2

There is a device to connect to the laptop via usb, look for an MK that supports (there is a built-in) USB.

Answer 3

If you want a lot of ready-made examples, then choose what is on the ARDUINO,
ATmega32u4 boards.
There is also a hardware USB and 10 ADC channels, and it can be powered by a laptop