Where to start training as a backend developer and what minimum knowledge is needed for a junior in 2016-2017?

Question

IT education

Good day. A little backstory. This year he graduated from the university with a degree in Applied Informatics. The university is far from being among the top ones, therefore, I think you can imagine what level of knowledge in the regional universities of Russia in the IT direction is given. In addition, I do not justify myself, I myself, too, did not study beyond the program (which I am very sorry about, of course). Knowledge in it is so general that I take an approximate level from scratch.
Now I am not working in my specialty. And there was a desire to become a developer. After looking at the demand for programmers in the areas, I realized that web development is now in trend (in my region). I was primarily interested in this not in the possibility of earning money, but in the opportunity to get an internship (or in the future as a junior).
70-85% of vacancies for backend developers list php. but after digging a bit on the Internet, I came across a common opinion that you shouldn’t start learning programming from this language (of course, I don’t take my university experience with Delphi and just Pascal into account, but I generally don’t need basic knowledge of html / css markup this case is no help). I prefer either .net or java (as a last resort).
Many people advise you to start learning programming from some of your applied tasks and shit code until you're blue in the face until you get something more or less similar to the expected result, and study the documentation and so on in the process. Maybe this is the fastest and most convenient option from the point of view of already experienced specialists, but for me, as a completely newbie, the information fits unstructured, in fragments, but I would like everything to be sorted out in my head.
There is a nice "web developer development map" ( https://github.com/zualex/devmap) , but it's just a general soup set for "every self-respecting web developer". I would like to get similar information for a junior. Of course, I understand that not in such a detailed form, but at least approximately.
And of course the main dilemma for me at the moment: where to start learning itself. From the study of algorithms and discretization, or computer architecture. Or immediately start learning the syntax of a language. I have a lot of time, so I would like to understand and learn everything from the basics.
And, no less interesting to me is the question: what knowledge, in addition to the syntax of the PL, you need to have in order to try yourself at the interview as a junior backend worker.
PS Thank you all in advance for your replies. I also apologize for the "many letters", I'm just learning to formulate questions correctly

Answer 1

> information fits unstructured, in fragments, but I would like everything to be laid out in my head "on the shelves"
There is no programming course that puts everything on the shelves at once, in theory. And if there is, then it does not work.
It takes years of hands-on experience to really sort out IT knowledge.
Therefore, dive in and learn what you can learn. Trying what you can try right away. And then - to retrain, looking back with horror at what was done a year ago. Because experience has come, and a new level of complexity has begun ...

Answer 2

70-85% of vacancies for backend developers list php. but after digging a little on the Internet, I came across a common opinion that you should not start learning programming from this language

I prefer either .net or java (as a last resort).

It is immediately clear that you yourself do not choose. Choose - for you!
Which is basically unacceptable.
There are coders and there are programmers. The difference is that programmers don't care about PL.
And encoders can only encode a ready-made algorithm.
Those who advise that something to learn and something not to learn are coders.
Do you understand?
The minimum back-end is PHP.
Intermediate and above - PHP + GNU-C (daemons, sockets, etc.)

Answer 3

I used to be on that path myself. Write to me, I'm always glad to meet new people, I'll help you get started. [email protected]

Answer 4

A certain general map
I myself am in a similar situation. A friend called. As a back-end developer for his layout. Showed me this card. And yes, all I've heard is the Back-end basis of PHP. But you also need to understand the markup.

Answer 5

Start by choosing what you still want to do)). Learning a language is not just knowing the syntax, it is also understanding the intended use of the language, knowledge of the standard library, knowledge of popular solutions based on this language and, of course, knowledge of related technologies. You don't have enough time to try everything.

Answer 6

Here is a detailed roadmap for any backend https://github.com/bzick/oh-my-backend