Where are the DNS servers located physically?

Question

Domain Name System

Hello. I can't figure out where the dns are anyway. For example, I type in the browser google.com. What happens next? It is clear that if it is not in the cache, first the request goes to the root servers, then to .com, and only then to google, and this seems to be what the dns server does. But where is this dns server located? - is it built into the browser, in the windows operating system, in the home router, in the router's router, or somewhere else? Those. where is that program (dns-server) that translates domains into ip addresses?

Answer 1

The network address of the DNS server is specified in your adapter settings - either by you or using auto-configuration (DHCP). In the case of autoconfiguration, the provider's DNS server is specified, which saves some queries so as not to send them again to external DNS servers.
DNS server can be raised by anyone.
Another question is how it is implemented at the global level:

When you enter the address of an Internet resource into the browser line, it sends a request to the DNS server responsible for the root zone. There are 13 such servers and they are managed by various operators and organizations. For example, a.root-servers.net has an IP address of 198.41.0.4 and is run by Verisign, while e.root-servers.net (192.203.230.10) is hosted by NASA.
Each of these operators provides this service free of charge, and also ensures uninterrupted operation, since if any of these servers fail, entire areas of the Internet will be unavailable. Previously, the root DNS servers, which are the basis for processing all requests for domain names on the Internet, were located in North America. However, with the introduction of alternative addressing technology, they "spread" around the world, and in fact their number increased from 13 to 123, which increased the reliability of the DNS foundation.
For example, there are 40 servers in North America (32.5%), in Europe - 35 (28.5%), 6 more servers are located in South America (4.9%) and 3 - in Africa (2.4%) . If you look at the map, the DNS servers are located according to the intensity of use of the Internet infrastructure.

https://habrahabr.ru/company/1cloud/blog/309018/

Answer 2

For example, the server of my domain is under the table where the child does his homework :) Provider - probably in the provider's server room. The .ru zone server is somewhere in Moscow, in a data center... DNS is a hierarchical system headed by 15 (or 16?) root servers that are equal, and they already refer to zone servers that refer to domain servers etc.

Answer 3

A whole chain of DNS servers can work to resolve names. Servers are divided into two types: "authoritative" (authoritative) and caching / recursive. The first -- serve requests only to those domains owned by themselves. All other requests are ignored.
The latter do not serve any domains themselves, but respond to user requests and poll the servers of the first type until they receive some kind of answer (an IP address or a response that such a domain does not exist).
Here the second can be a whole chain. Starting with the DNS server built into the router, then there may be the provider's DNS servers that already start polling from the root servers (which are responsible for first-level zones like .ru, .com, etc.). In response to a domain request to the root server, it responds with a list of addresses of those DNS servers that know something about the second-level zone (such as yandex.ru, google.com, freebsd.org, etc.). After that, the resolver queries the DNS servers responsible for the corresponding second-level zone. In response (most often) will receive a response with an IP address or an error if a non-existent name is requested. But there may also be level 3 DNS servers (serving zones like somesite.google.com, anothersite.yandex.ru, etc.). Then the resolver will make another request, already to these DNS servers. Well, and so on.
And where are the physical servers located geographically - the root servers are located in large data centers or on the sites of Internet regulatory organizations.
Second-level DNS servers - most often these are data centers of service providers, hosters or companies that own this domain name.

Answer 4

They are located in large organizations such as NASA, the University of Maryland and others :)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_name_server
As far as I know, the root DNS is registered with the ISP

Answer 5

one from Microsoft, one from Alexa