What type of Internet traffic is taken into account when charging GPRS packages by mobile operators?

Question

mobile connection

Interestingly, does anyone know what kind of traffic is taken into account by GPRS networks when billing for communication services?
First you need to determine the base for calculation:
Possible answers:
a) IP network level traffic is calculated (total size of Total-Length IP packets);
b) Link layer traffic (sizes of PPP frames, including frames with configuration packages);
c) Physical layer traffic (synchronization and parity bits, character transport (screening), time slots, and so on);
d) Random fluctuations of spherical traffic in a vacuum (arbitrary unpredictable “cheating” of a mobile operator on top of the “facts” of packet transmission with cumulative rounding of the “standard” packet size up).

Has anyone already researched this issue?
Or, perhaps, you can get reliable information first-hand from representatives of telecoms?

Answer 1

As a former telecom marketer, I can say that wap is often enabled by default.
Because it costs more.
And only after changing / reconfiguring the access point parameters, we can use GPRS

Answer 2

Depends on the operator, the depth is set by handles.
Most often IP on the Gi interface. Counting techniques on different hardware are different, especially if you take subscriber equipment, the volume will always be slightly different.
But! There is always rounding up to the charging step (again, the charging step depends on the operator, and the laws of the country in which he operates).
Further, we once made access to the operator's DNS and self-service system free of charge. But then the wise men began to complain, who set themselves external DNS and requests to them were billed.
d) Brad. No one will take the risk, for such a license they can take away, these fractions of a percent of such a risk are not worth it.
To write an article?

Answer 3

Maybe you should ask your question to the representatives of the same Beeline on Habré?
They are quite sociable.