What tools and technologies for web development do you use?

Question

Programming languages

Hello. I don't have a lot of experience in programming, I often write for myself on denwer'e.
Developers, please advise what you can learn from frameworks, tools, languages, or advise, maybe you use some interesting software that makes it easier for you to develop projects.
Do not offer back-end frameworks (although if there is a release of something interesting, I will not refuse to look).

Answer 1

Try to work under linux (Debian/Ubuntu), because there is nothing more convenient for WEB development (unless you are a .NET programmer).
From the backend frameworks - Silex / Symfony / Zend, others are not even worth looking at first, you can switch at any time after one of these three, but the likelihood of writing something is not right, not beautiful immediately decreases ... Although with Symfony you can do stupid things if you try hard, but at least these frameworks try to teach good approaches to application design.
Refuse Denver (or even better, still switch to linux, at least in a virtual machine), do not install Apache, use the server built into php (from version 5.4). For development purposes, it is quite convenient, you do not need to register vhost from project to project.
Learn Bash (minimum, at least the basics), GIT, get acquainted with SSH and SCP, work with the database through the console client (phpmyadmin is not needed), at the same time practice writing SQL queries. If you still want to stay on Windows, install MinGW (usually required when installing GIT).
Try to learn project build systems (Phing, Ant), learn to cover code with tests (PhpSpec2, PHPUnit), use PSR standards (in particular, use Composer).
Well, read something about TDD / BDD, SOLID, GRASP ...
As for languages, I would recommend that you study javascript without fail, and look towards Ruby / Python, or Golang.

Answer 2

Learn English.

Answer 3

I liked the Brackets editor for layout. In real time, it gives out what you have made up, although so far it only supports Google Chrome. Install the Emmet add-on to it, it speeds up and simplifies writing code at times.
For example, to write this code:

<div id="header">
    <div class="menu">
        <ul>
            <li class="btn1"><a href=""></a></li>
            <li class="btn2"><a href=""></a></li>
            <li class="btn3"><a href=""></a></li>
            <li class="btn4"><a href=""></a></li>
            <li class="btn5"><a href=""></a></li>
            <li class="btn6"><a href=""></a></li>
            <li class="btn7"><a href=""></a></li>
            <li class="btn8"><a href=""></a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>
    <div class="box">
        <div class="b1"></div>
        <div class="b2"></div>
        <div class="b3"></div>
    </div>
    <div class="s1"></div>
    <div class="s2"></div>
    <div class="s3"></div>
    <div class="s4"></div>
    <div class="s5"></div>
</div>

With the help of Emmet, it is enough to write one line:
#header>(.menu>ul>li.btn$*8>a)+.box>.b$*3^.s$*5

Answer 4

Any text editor with syntax highlighting, I use Sublime Text and version control system Git + TortoiseGit for access via the Windows context menu. If you need something more, dig towards IDE systems like NetBeans, etc.

Answer 5

1. English is really needed.
2. from the environments I like webStorm
3. study sockets, ajax, single-page frameworks, familiarity with Node.js is not superfluous, patterns, mvc.