What to do with the Process finished with exit code 1 error when starting a discord bot?

Question

Python

I tried to write the simplest bot for discord, but it gives an error. How to fix it?

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/amirdavlatov/Desktop/Bots/echo bot/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/aiohttp/connector.py", line 936, in _wrap_create_connection
return await self. _loop.create_connection(*args, **kwargs) # type: ignore # noqa
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/asyncio/base_events.py", line 1050, in create_connection
transport, protocol = await self._create_connection_transport(
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/asyncio/base_events.py", line 1080, in _create_connection_transport
await waiter
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/asyncio/sslproto.py", line 529, in data_received
ssldata, appdata = self._sslpipe.feed_ssldata(data)
File "/Library/ Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/asyncio/sslproto.py", line 189, in feed_ssldata
self._sslobj.do_handshake()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/ lib/python3.8/ssl.py", line 944, in do_handshake
self._sslobj.do_handshake()
ssl.SSLCertVerificationError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1108)

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/amirdavlatov/Desktop/Bots/echo bot/bot.py", line 11, in
client.run('NzIyNDQyMTQ3MzgyNTU4ODIx.XujIvg.6srgtSAberqwBN59O2l26qrNIjo')
File "/Users/amirdavlatov/Desktop/Bots/echo bot/venv /lib/python3.8/site-packages/discord/client.py", line 640, in run
return future.result()
File "/Users/amirdavlatov/Desktop/Bots/echo bot/venv/lib/python3.8 /site-packages/discord/client.py", line 621, in runner
await self.start(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Users/amirdavlatov/Desktop/Bots/echo bot/venv/lib/python3.8 /site-packages/discord/client.py", line 584, in start
await self.login(*args, bot=bot)
File "/Users/amirdavlatov/Desktop/Bots/echo bot/venv/lib/python3.8 /site-packages/discord/client.py", line 442, login
await self.http.static_login(token.strip(), bot=bot)
File "/Users/amirdavlatov/Desktop/Bots/echo bot/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/discord/http.py", line 261, in static_login
data = await self.request(Route('GET', '/users/@me'))
File "/Users/amirdavlatov/Desktop/Bots/echo bot/venv/lib/python3.8/site -packages/discord/http.py", line 165, in request
async with self.__session.request(method, url, **kwargs) as r:
File "/Users/amirdavlatov/Desktop/Bots/echo bot/venv/ lib/python3.8/site-packages/aiohttp/client.py", line 1012, in __aenter__
self._resp = await self._coro
File "/Users/amirdavlatov/Desktop/Bots/echo bot/venv/lib/python3. 8/site-packages/aiohttp/client.py", line 480, in _request
conn = await self._connector.connect(
File "/Users/amirdavlatov/Desktop/Bots/echo bot/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/aiohttp/connector.py", line 523, in connect
proto = await self._create_connection(req, traces, timeout)
File "/Users/amirdavlatov/Desktop/Bots/echo bot/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/aiohttp/connector.py", line 858, in _create_connection
_, proto = await self._create_direct_connection(
File "/Users/amirdavlatov/Desktop/Bots/echo bot/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/aiohttp/connector.py", line 1004, in _create_direct_connection
raise last_exc
File "/ Users/amirdavlatov/Desktop/Bots/echo bot/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/aiohttp/connector.py", line 980, in _create_direct_connection
transp, proto = await self._wrap_create_connection(
File "/Users/amirdavlatov/Desktop/Bots/echo bot/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/aiohttp/connector.py", line 938, in _wrap_create_connection
raise ClientConnectorCertificateError(
aiohttp.client_exceptions.ClientConnectorCertificateError: Cannot connect to host discordapp.com:443 ssl:True [SSLCertVerificationError: (1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1108)')]

Process finished with exit code 1

Here is the code itself

import discord

class MyClient(discord.Client):
    async def on_ready(self):
        print('Logged on as {0}!' .format(self.user))

    async def on_message(self, message):
        print('Message from {0.author}: {0.content}' .format(message))

client = MyClient()
client.run('токен')

Answer 1

Cannot connect to host discordapp.com:443
certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate
SSL issues. Either the time on the computer has gone, or someone is really sitting in the middle with the substitution of the certificate.
I also suspect that there are not enough root certificates in macos, or for some reason they are not available to python.
A similar question was recently asked Why doesn't the bot for Discord in Python start? and there, too, makos.