What programming languages ​​to choose for specific tasks?

Question

Programming

Good day to all. I am a beginner engineer-designer-technologist of EVS. Recently completed my thesis. I sit at work, I do NOTHING, I feel that I am starting to grow dull. Over the past year, I have been increasingly thinking about the need to learn a certain number of programming languages. The specific tasks that I set for myself and those around me set:
1) Programming microcontrollers - I tell myself that C (correct if wrong) and assembler (but thousands of them). I'm thinking about FPGA, it's in demand.
- A specific task - I want to develop my own gamepad with sticks and a cross, write drivers for it and everything you need)
2) Writing applications with the ability to visualize and 3D elements (the option that suggests itself is C ++ / C #, maybe Java, although I'm scared of the number 1.8 - the average ratio of C / # / ++ code performance to Java code performance) .
3) Website development is the darkest forest for me. For example, the following proposals were received:
- to write a pizza delivery website (at which the order is made via the Internet, the operator on the other side of the screen dynamically tracks orders, the option of paying via the Internet is possible);
- write a one-page interactive website for a private entrepreneur;
- make a thematic forum with a store;
The tasks are very specific for themselves - but a lot of questions arose regarding implementation:
a) What languages ​​​​are responsible for what (well, that is, I read about PHP and Javascript and think - are they interchangeable or are both needed?)
b) Is it possible to get by with one language (what if HTML 5 is enough for all this?)
c) What development systems use?
d) How to finally understand what is responsible for what in the world of the Internet, and know what to apply where.
4) For a snack - reverse programming, disassembly, obfuscation and deobfuscation methods - apparently there is a very high degree of mutual integration with knowledge of assembler and machine codes. Where to look here, what is needed now, is this programming section needed at all?
5) Programming for iOS and WP - apparently this fits into the framework of C ++ programming (unless, of course, objective C is somewhat similar to it)
What I have behind me at the moment:
Not much. A year of programming in Pascal and Delphi (as part of an institute course), half a year in C (same story), I tried to play around with debugging from STM a little, I took a course on the basics of EMU (from combinational devices, triggers and other things to counters, finite state machines, synthesis of these on paper). Thanks to those who read!

Answer 1

PostgreSQL + Python + HTML + JS - at least there will be something to earn on bread and butter :)

Answer 2

For 3D, a bunch of Unity 3d (5) + C# is perfect
An example of creating Angry Birds on Unity by Roman Samchuk - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWRKhQMiMms&index=...