What programming languages ​​are used in modern industry (industrial robots, household appliances, smart home elements, ...)?

Question

Programming languages

If possible, give a link to some general review material, or a number of links to individual topics.

Answer 1

c / c ++, there are more amateur performances with smart houses, so python is in use, and even c # (curiously, I don’t see any articles on the topic based on java at close range)
look for proofs? you need, so that you don’t google it? look through habr? there is a search by tags, if anything))
but I will give a link to an article that I liked - https://habr.com/ru/company/hexlet/blog/303160/
ps well, yes, the assembler is the same - if there is not enough memory and cores ( something completely micro), but there is money for coding and debugging

Answer 2

In robots https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D...
Household appliances, who are good at what, but usually Linux and windows + C / C ++
Smart home they have their own standards, by the way they are now trying to put everything together.
If we speak for the pros of the device, then traditionally C / C ++ there is still a question of price. To take an OS on board means at least 20 bucks. Although for an air conditioner or a switch, a chip is enough for 5 bucks, or even for 1.
The difference is significant.

Answer 3

You can google individual links yourself, being interested in specific devices. There is no common standard, and given that the field of IOT and small devices is very broad and does not require significant funds to develop your own platform, it could be anything.
But in the vast majority it is C / C ++ or a language based on it with some changes, since it is primarily a matter of platform (operating system or firmware) or almost unchanged C / C ++, with a set of libraries and a separate compiler. For example robocraft.ru/blog/arduino/25.html - about arduino
On top of this platform there can be higher-level solutions, such as java for Android with its own set of libraries and infrastructure.

Answer 4

For programmable logic controllers, this is Codesys (IEC 61131-3).
Text languages: IL (Instruction Language) - type of assembler, now almost never used.
ST (Structured Text) is an analogue of Pascal. Codesys version 3 supports interfaces and objects (OOP)
Graphic languages: LD (Ladder Diagram) - ladder diagram
FBD (Function Block Diagrams) - functional diagrams
Instead of the previous two, CFC (Continuous Function Chart) is used - func. circuits with the ability to make feedback
Finally, SFC (Sequential Function Chart) is a graph of states. Transitions between blocks are logical conditions. Blocks can be of two types: IEC and simplified.
If the smart home is on a distributed network (KNX, LON, HDL), then the parameterization methods for standard blocks are used (relays, dimmers...)

Answer 5

C, C++, python, javascript.
The progressive ones use Erlang/Elixir. Heard about Rust, but so far only in amateur projects.