What knowledge does a programmer need in the first year of university?

Question

Books

Graduate of previous years. I'm going to enter the university to be a programmer this year. I already passed the exam, so there were no problems with the admission itself, but the question arose about, in fact, the learning process. What should be on my mind by early September? Where can I get a list of required subjects and topics for them? After all, as you know, the same USE does not cover the entire spectrum of necessary knowledge. On the websites of universities you can find programs for entrance examinations, where the required skills are described in detail, but in such programs it is always clarified that the range of topics of the school curriculum is much higher, and that only what is needed for the exams themselves is listed here. I simply won’t have time to read all the textbooks from the first to the eleventh grade in four months.
As I understand it, a programmer needs to know algebra, geometry, computer science, physics. In the training programs of almost all universities, I also met the history of Russia. With chemistry, biology, geography, world history, social science, literature, the Russian language, everything is not so clear. Now I have more or less knowledge only in mathematics and computer science, and even then I need to systematize them a little, patch up the holes, so to speak.
As a result, the questions are as follows:
1) What subjects of the school curriculum do I need to know at the time I start studying at the university? What can be completely ignored? What do you need to know at least superficially?
2) In mathematics, I found a good reference book / collection of tasks (" Skanavi M.I. - Collection of tasks in mathematics for applicants to technical universities"), which, it seems, covers the entire school curriculum, including all sorts of in-depth topics like complex numbers and Newton's binomial. The theory is briefly described there and there are tasks for fixing right away. Based on the answer to the first question, what kind of courses can you recommend for similar courses for other subjects Such that the entry threshold is low (almost zero, because I don’t remember anything from the school curriculum except mathematics and, in fact, computer science) and all the necessary topics are covered. I had to dig through the Internet), but because with zero knowledge I simply can’t separate the wheat from the chaff.
Thank you very much in advance.
PS Programming itself, oddly enough, is not interested in this issue. I already know that in any university, wherever they take it, there will be a study of C or C ++ from scratch, so now I just continue to study Python.

Answer 1

Что должно быть у меня в голове к началу сентября?
- English and the desire to improve it
- understanding that knowledge is not obtained, but is torn out of teachers
- an exaggerated desire to write programs for money in a team here and now
- understanding that knowledge is not needed by itself - they are needed either to solve problems (engineering) , or for the development of science (scientific activity); only in the case of choosing a scientific profile is it worth learning everything in a row

Answer 2

Mathematics, physics, Russian, English will not hurt.

Answer 3

"PS Strange as it may seem, programming itself is not of interest within the framework of this issue. I already know that in any university, wherever they take it, there will be learning C or C ++ from scratch, so now I just continue to study Python. "
Programming is far from only C, C++ or python. It is also computer essentials knowledge, that is, a general idea about the design and operation of programs, components and technologies.
In addition, basic knowledge of C is very useful, since there are many differences from Python, and first of all it is debugging and working with memory. I am almost sure that what they give in C at the university is too sketchy and not enough for work. You can work with python, but in parallel implement the same thing in C to see the difference in approach. Again, I'm not sure that the university will say anything about the design of the code.
"As I understand it, a programmer needs to know algebra, geometry, computer science, physics."
A programmer needs to know programming.
You just need to clearly understand that programming is the creation of tools for solving problems. Including tasks in algebra and geometry and physics and possibly chemistry, so everything you will know will expand your capabilities as a programmer.
Simple examples:
without knowledge of accounting, it is impossible to write a normal accounting program.
without knowledge of physics and geometry, it is impossible to write a simulation of a three-dimensional image, explosion effects, glow, write a library on your own that stupidly draws a circle
without knowledge of physics, especially the section of electronics, it will be extremely difficult to understand the programming of something in robotics, programming a flying drone, etc.
without knowledge of English, 80% of all documentation will be inaccessible and incomprehensible to you, which is mainly in English, and even if there is a translation, the English version is often clearer
. But these are all related sciences.
* Lean more on mathematics, as there are really few programmers who know mathematics at a high level, and in connection with the development of machine algorithms, this is becoming in demand.
* Lean more on English, since even upper indermediate at graduation from the university will give you the opportunity to immediately get a salary many times more than without knowledge. Well, yes, there are much more materials in English, podcasts, courses, documentation.
* Lean on practice - without it, all this will be couch analytics.

Answer 4

Everything related to mathematics and computer science. And English, definitely English. Without it we suck badly.

Answer 5

https://pastebin.com/8ygzT3qf

Answer 6

Logic is needed.
To set a program, it is enough to describe what actions the device should perform - as an example, wash the dishes: turn on the water, take the gel on the sponge, wipe the object, rinse, wipe, put in the closet - this is already a program. And if you can write like that, then you can already consider yourself a programmer.
Programming languages ​​are just a tool with which you write a program. They can be different - from highly specialized extremely complex to simple ones that a child can figure out.