What is the set of software and possible configuration examples for creating an organization's infrastructure (20-30 jobs)?

Question

linux

It is necessary to separate user rights for working with documents and centrally store documents and user profiles.
What Linux distribution do you recommend for a file server and how to set it up (separate physical server)?
How to centrally store user profiles (separate physical server)?
How to set Internet connection speed limits for users?
I know this is a big and difficult task, just used Linux only for multimedia and browsing on a single PC. I can’t imagine how to connect all of the above, I know that Linux is a multi-user network OS, but I don’t catch the logic of the entire economy.

Answer 1

xubuntu (xfce4), on the ubuntu server is a samba server where all documents are stored.
I don’t see any reason to bother with some kind of ldap, you don’t need to raise the AD type on samba either.
just create samba users (not system ones) on the server, set up rights and groups for files, explain in the samba server config what to whom and where you can.
record everything in the documentation.

Answer 2

The task is not entirely clear. Please specify what platform and OS version are on users' computers? Is there an Active Directory? What services are spinning on the network? (For example, is there DFS&)

Answer 3

Now a peer-to-peer network. OS Win7, XP.
There is no specific software tied to Windows.
A folder with documents is shared on one PC, you can find out what is open, but it is not known from whom, since there is no AD.
Therefore, in order to save money (Windows is pirated), there is a desire to start everything on Linux. And I want to do it right.
Therefore, I ask you to indicate in which direction to dig:
Any Linux + samba + squid.
Maybe there are ready-made distributions for such tasks or a more optimal combination of software.