What is the name of the branch of mathematics?

Question

Mathematics

What is the name of the section of mathematics that allows you to mathematically calculate the sequence of any iterations (construction of buildings, assembly of cars, etc.), with a minimum number of steps / costs?

Answer 1

Operations research is a discipline that develops and applies methods for finding optimal solutions based on mathematical modeling, statistical modeling, and various heuristic approaches in various areas of human activity.
Further - depending on the specifics of the task (according to this description, I cannot do this) - you can try to select a more specific subsection.

Answer 2

Dynamic Programming )

Answer 3

You'll probably be fine with scheduling theory.