What is the equivalent of vmlinuz on Windows?

Question

Windows

We know that the process only gets access to the "virtual computer" and not to the hardware (in the case of an application program).

On Linux/UNIX, vmlinuz is responsible for such virtualization.
On Windows, is it hal or something else?

Answer 1

We know that the process only gets access to the "virtual computer" and not to the hardware

Netushki. The process runs on real hardware, but accessing some instructions or memory addresses causes a switch to kernel/segfault mode and a permissions check.
vmlinuz is just a symlink to the Linux kernel. The letters vm in the name vmlinuz have
nothing to do with the Virtual Machine :

The name vmlinuz is largely an accident of history. The kernel binary on the original UNIX as developed at Bell Labs was called unix. When a new kernel containing support for virtual memory was subsequently written at the University of California at Berkeley (UCB), the kernel binary was renamed vmunix.

Now the question is - where did you get such interesting theoretical ideas?