What is the difference between a Software Engineer and a Software Architect and where can I read about specialties and directions in IT?

Question

IT education

The title is the crux of the matter.
Additionally:
Where can I see development maps from "bottom to ceiling" by specialty?
Which areas in universities (Russian) correspond to specific specialties? (i.e., for example, in order to get a job as a system administrator, you need to look at the faculty of system administration (it seems to be called that), etc.).
What are the directions in IT in general? Which specialties are managers, which are management/personnel/finance?
What is Computer Science?

Answer 1

Software Engineer - a software engineer who develops software within the framework of some Oracle, Yandex, Google, Microsoft
Requirements: VO, experience, outlook, ability to solve common problems and apply algorithms and data structures (usually you can get by with just design patterns and a description of this or that algorithm)
Coder/Programmer - knows how to type code, it is possible without VO. Works in a bank, on the stock exchange. Supports software written by Software Engineer.
Software Architect - Software Engineer capable of designing the entire system from scratch (OS, Distributed Database, etc.), usually somewhere between a Lead and a technical director.
Computer Science - "modern informatics", come up with and explore new algorithms for processing and storing data.
Mmmmm .... there is no such thing. Any average university will teach you something in between databases, websites, chips, and just mocking. The average graduate of our VO can be called a Coder / Programmer. He will become a Software Engineer in 4-7 years, depending on which "company" he gets to work for.
In general, it can be divided into:
1) System programming
OC, assembler, C, pieces of iron, graphics
2) Applied programming of the
database, sites
3) Computer Science / Data mining
matan, theoretical, machine learning, etc.
Which faculty that gives you need to learn at place. Stupidly approach and ask in the forehead, do not piss.
Admins are usually those who studied for something higher, but did not finish their studies. And went to the admin.