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Approximately the same in terms of stability, and security depends mainly on the administrator. I would install Centos or Debian.
On hardware and virtual machines Centos IMHO. And that's only because of the frantic support period and the speed of updates.
Security, performance and other things that you want to choose from have little to do with choosing a distribution.
Generally different for different purposes. It can be atomic, and core os, and fedora, and ubuntu, etc., etc. It all depends on HOW you plan to apply it and what result you want to get.
In terms of security and stability, everything is decided by the qualifications of the administrator, if his hands are crooked, no distribution kit will save. Plus, the established practice - most often there is no point in installing one server on a particular distribution, if 100 servers are already successfully and systematically serviced on something else.
From many points of view, I would prefer debian's image, for example, it has more software from a little bit. But there are arguments in the direction of centos, for example, it has ready-made policies for selinux (debian has long had difficulties with them), usually it’s easier with support for intraprise software (any products from oracle, for example).
I will add 5 kopecks
Gentoo
FreeBSD
It all depends on how the software is configured
CentOS for sure. EL6 which is on bucket 2.2 - it still works and is still supported!
Centos - based on older versions of RedHat. The software turns out to be one of the most outdated there (which means that new types of threats may not be eliminated so quickly), judging by well-known distributions. It has repositories with new software, but Centos itself does not recommend installing it for enterprises, because it is not so stable.
Ubuntu is a distribution based on Debian. The software there is relatively newer than the standard CentOS. More support and more tutorials.
So the conclusion is - if you want to install and forget, you have old hardware, you don't care about the freshness of package versions - Centos. But do not forget that the world of security is developing and with such a policy, your server will become a tasty morsel for hackers after some time.
If you want performance, you have new hardware and you want to feel that it is really new, since not all old versions of programs can adequately use all the power of new hardware, you are a beginner and you would like to solve it faster in case of a problem, because . I already wrote above that Debian support for such systems is better - then Ubuntu (choose lts release).
PS Personal opinion - I started with RedHat, then I tried centos, then ubuntu and now finally settled on debian as a server. Stability and debian are synonyms, a bunch of packages, relative freshness of packages, a more responsible approach to development than Ubuntu - that's what is important to me personally. And dildaks stick out from ubuntu, google 'I was looking for a file - I found a dilda'. My choice for the debian server and I advise you, but in general I hope I wrote it in detail, choose for yourself.
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