What is a connector and what does it do?

Question

Iron

what is the atx 12v power connector (atx12v1) responsible for? what problems can arise if it is not connected?

Answer 1

This is extra. CPU power supply, if the CPU is weak, then there will be no problems if you do not connect it. And if a powerful CPU, then in the boost it will simply cut down your computer.
PS only like atx12v1 is required for connection, at least half, unlike atx12v2, otherwise the mother simply will not start, and if it starts, it will pass out from any load on the CPU.

Answer 2

Without it, there will be no power to the processor, and the computer simply will not start.