What does hosting look like from the inside?

Question

local server

In order to dig deeper and gain experience in administration, I want to build hosting on a localhost. At the same time, I have never used hosting myself, and the level of knowledge is no more than setting up nginx + php-fpm. But I want to deploy a full-fledged "enterprise" on the same localhost, for personal purposes, and only so that everything is configured correctly. :)

Now I set up something like shared hosting, when one nginx, php-fpm works, and through vsftpd virtual users manage files on their domains. The safety of such a solution is a big question.

After reading the article “Hosting” on Wikipedia, I realized that something more and fenced is needed, because it is also necessary to set limits on resources (memory, processor, site size), the number of domains per user, and further configure mail accounts, database and other-other-other ... I want to implement all this without virtualization, ISP managers ... - everything is done exclusively by hand, in the console. Creation of new domains, users in the future to automate their own scripts.

The Internet is full of material on the topic of setting up demons separately (nginx, postfix, *sql, openssh, iptalbes), but I could not find articles about specifically creating your own hosting so that all these demons work interconnectedly. And when, for example, users set up nginx for themselves, many people like to bind the hamster to www via mount --bind, which I consider a crutch, because everything, IMHO, should be decided by a natural indication of the paths.
For example, when you make up a site on a localhost, and then upload it to the "enterprise", to a hosting - so I want to do the same, only this same hosting should be located on the localhost.

And as I study hosting from the inside, I write an article about it on the LOR Wiki.
I don’t set the goal of monetizing home hosting, I just want any user to correctly configure all the necessary minimum hosting of the “enterprise” level. Whom to host - the user will already decide, maybe himself and friends, maybe 100500 clients, and the possibilities of the "enterprise" rest only on hardware. :)

Answer 1

I think 90% of hosting is built on ready-made solutions like virtualization tools, billing (for example, Billmanager) and control panels (ISPManager, CPanel, DirectAdmin, etc.). Most of the software is included. Billing is more often self-written than a panel. make it easier.
Entirely self-written solutions are created only by monsters (like a master host), and then not all, and not in everything ... That's why there are no articles - the architecture of such hosting is the intellectual property of the company.

Answer 2

If you want with your hands, then I do this: ubuntu, kvm, libvirt, lvm, chef

Answer 3

Relatively recently, I published an article about how we made the first adaptive Elasticweb hosting .

Answer 4

the simplest of interesting solutions is openvz.org + code.google.com/p/ovz-web-panel on the host
and prepared container template with nginx, php-fpm, mysql

Answer 5

Meet www.parallels.com and the like - hosting solutions. There are others. They are related to virtualization, so look for virtualization systems, Xen for example.

Answer 6

For organizing hosting - just read the manuals for setting up security and high performance (optimization) for the products you are going to use - Linux distribution, web server, php/perl/python, sql/ssh/ftp, selinux/firewall setup /nat.
Billing and the control panel are often either self-written or purchased (ISPManager, Plesk, for example), depending again on the solution - if these are Win virtual machines, this is one thing, * nix are other virtualization and resource allocation systems.

Answer 7

Will anyone need this work?
Once it becomes possible to download a fully configured virtual hosting machine that can be installed on a physical server, then who wants to bother with setting up components individually?
If I wanted to open hosting NOW, I would look for an already configured virtual machine ...

Answer 8

Billing to write with pens, the rest is better to take ready-made. Because more reliable

Answer 9

If you live in St. Petersburg, you can go to the data center for a tour from Xelent, it is free, everyone will answer your questions