What does a programmer need to know about the Internet?

Question

Network administration

Hello, I want to run my host (I immediately apologize if I didn’t put it correctly), but I understand very little how networks are arranged. Please tell me what you need to know in order to launch your site without any problems and connect to it via the Internet.
Why I do not want to use online hosting:
I want to study this topic in detail in order to understand how it works.
PS I will be very grateful if you send books, manuals or guides, if they are in English it will be even better.

Answer 1

An external IP address is purchased (rented) from your ISP. The rest - customize as you wish!

Answer 2

You need to start with the OSI model , and then delve into the details.

Answer 3

If the provider gives a dynamic external ("white") IP address, then it will be enough to configure DDNS on the router + forward ports 80 and 443 to your home server (you also need to make a static DHCP lease for your computer in the router settings).
If the provider uses "double NAT" and "gray" IP, then you will have to buy an external IP or change the provider.
In terms of software, I advise you to start with a LAMP server (this is an assembly of everything you need for a simple site). Easy to launch and start using. When you need some specific stuff, you will separately study Apache, Nginx, mysql, php...

Answer 4

I recommend starting with installing a local server https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XAMPP
Everything is quite simple, if any questions arise in the process - it has manuals in the kit.
But you can use others:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Apache%E2%80...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nginx%E2%80%...
If IP- the address is dynamic, then it is solved using freedns.afraid.org/, https://dyn.com/dns/, https://www.cloudns.net/dynamic-dns/ or hldns.ru