What color does the sky take on depending on the composition of the atmosphere?

Question

Physics

Good afternoon. At one time I was interested in this issue, after reading one post on Habré, I again remembered this question and decided that maybe someone could tell me.
The bottom line is: I'm wondering if there is any visual list of possible gases in the composition of the planet's atmosphere, and what shade they can give to the reflected light? Simply put, what shade of the sky will be depending on the filling of the atmosphere with one or another gas? For example, what color will an atmosphere consisting mainly of argon or helium take on (however, if at all this is possible)? Or does the type of gas not significantly affect the hue of the atmosphere?
I googled this question, trying to find such a list or formulas by which you can calculate the color of the atmosphere, but either there are few materials, or I google not very well, but I found almost nothing - only about how ray scattering affects the color of the atmosphere, but it's basically understandable.
PS: got more than one question, but I really hope that someone will find an answer to them. :)

Answer 1

A good example of a question from the field of science, which illustrates that it is extremely difficult to "google" the answer without knowing the fundamental mechanisms of the phenomenon.
If we assume that the spectrum of the luminary more or less evenly covers the entire visible range, then the color of the sky from the surface of the planet is determined by several factors:
- color saturation is determined by the thickness of the atmosphere, because without the atmosphere the sky will be black, and the actual shade appears in proportion to the thickness;
- absorption and scattering spectrum of gaseous substances (it must be understood that, for example, water molecules in the atmosphere are also "gas") that make up the atmosphere;
- the presence of aerosols in the atmosphere, the size of their particles, their absorption and scattering spectra;
- effects like Rayleigh scattering (cf.Diffuse radiation of the sky ).
For example, if a significant amount of chlorine is added to the earth's atmosphere, a large relative proportion of yellow will appear in the color of the sky, due to the way chlorine molecules scatter yellow. And gaseous iodine or nitrogen dioxide in a significant concentration will increase the proportion of red and orange. However, do not expect such noticeable effects from many other gases - their absorption and scattering spectra are not so pronounced. The presence of color is rather an exception to the rule.