What area of ​​information systems are these questions from?

Question

IT education

I am preparing for the entrance exams to the university in the field of "Information Systems and Processes", I am analyzing the questions, but I can't deal with these three. Neither Russian-language nor English-language sources give any information on these issues, as if such definitions simply do not exist.

Theoretically, the first two questions can be logically developed towards word processing, search engines and other related topics, but since. these definitions are not found anywhere, there is no certainty that this will be a correct development of the answer.
The trouble with the third question is that there are absolutely no ideas about what they want to hear about here.

Accordingly, can someone suggest in which direction to dig for each of the answers (what do they mean, what do they want to see in the answer)?

Answer 1

The first two questions are similar to terms from computational linguistics. In general, the most logical option is to ask university students (personally the VK group) about these questions, I think they will help.