What are the principles of margin trading with 1:1 leverage?

Question

Fintech

Hello, there is an abstract question that I want to understand. Here, for example, in life, I went and bought a dollar in an exchanger. I put it on a shelf at home, in the hope that it will grow in two in a year (well, this is an example). If he grows up, I'll go and sell. If not or if it falls, then I will keep it forever and nothing will happen to me for it.
In the case of the terminal, I give the broker an order to buy a dollar. This dollar is bought by a broker (in theory, right?). Let's say that the dollar lies with the broker, if the dollar falls in price, then I lose money in "free funds" and the broker can close the deal (stop out, margin call). But why? After all, I bought a dollar and do not want to sell. Even if he falls, I posted a deposit for him, why is the rest of the money spent?
In the exchange, I spent x rubles on the purchase and did not lose anything except them.
I spent x rubles at the broker and I lose more from free funds, how so?
Or another example. I have $150 in my account. Leaving aside risk management, this is an example. Here I am buying an asset for $100, in the hope that it will double. But it starts to fall, so there won’t be 50 in free funds and I can buy something for a smaller amount.
And now I can’t understand how this is possible in principle. can you explain? After all, in the case of an exchange office, I could buy another 50, but here I can’t, they can also demargincolize, and having bought it on a shelf, no one will demargincolit from an apartment.
, I trade on btc-e, litecoins, without leverage, on my own.
Previously (I traded through the web interface, there I deposited, for example, 400 dollars. I could buy for 200 litecoins, after buying for another 200 others, for example. And I could keep them as long as I wanted.
I decided to master the terminal. Everything is different in the terminal. I
deposited 400 dollars , I bought for 200, if the exchange rate falls, then it is deducted from my "free funds" and I can no longer buy for the second 200 other coins, but only for the amount of free ones. And I don’t understand why this is so. This is the first moment that I can’t realize The
second point, since "free funds" can be deducted, what will happen if I buy with all the money (with my own without leverage)? In "free funds" it will be deducted and become a minus in general, what is this, a debt? bought for everything and everything, you lose nothing and owes no one.
I can't understand it in general and I don't know where to read it. In Google, everything about "margin trading" comes down to explaining leverage, but I don't take leverage. All this looks like a global deception. What forex heresy, I know, we are talking about cryptocurrencies. Are the principles of trading the same in the stock market?
And why can I be margined with 1:1 leverage, because I lose my money, not the broker's money, if I traded with leverage. Having bought in the exchange office and keeping them at home, no one will demargincolize me, after all.
What am I misunderstanding, what am I mistaken about, and what should I read or google?

Answer 1

Leverage 1:1 means that you pay half of the money and the broker pays the other half.
If you trade without leverage (do not use margin trading), then there simply cannot be a margin call. I'll explain with an example.
1. You have $100 in your account. You bought shares in them. They are credited to your account with the custodian (not the broker!). Even if the company goes bankrupt, you do not owe anything to anyone, you will simply lose your assets.
2. You have $100 in your account. You bought shares on them with a leverage of 1 to 1, i.e. for 200 dollars. Usually, a special margin account is used for this. The issue of ownership of these securities is solved in different ways (especially relevant in the case of dividend payments). If the market goes against you, the broker will put up a margin call, because the price of the shares acting as collateral has decreased, and you have no free funds left.
Bottom line: don't use a margin account; do not trade on Forex :) If you really want to trade the dollar, use a futures for it on a normal exchange. There is a built-in shoulder, but the principle of its operation is slightly different. In general, the shoulders are the beginner's worst enemy.