What are the most popular, relatively, algorithms, their number, etc.?

Question

Algorithms

I am a beginner, only from the cradle, so to speak, and in programming for beginners, I think the weakest point is precisely the algorithm and its entire essence, since it is easy to remember "functional words", operators, etc., but to understand the logic what is happening in small details and the ability to describe it in a certain programming language is no less difficult.
The questions are as follows: Who ever knows the number of invented algorithms? The most famous algorithms (10 pieces). Where to start (advise)? What is the study of algorithms?
Perhaps someone knows normal sites or tutorials, books in electronic form?

Answer 1

It all starts with Discrete Mathematics, Logic, Computational Algebra and Geometry.
There are Kormen , Sedgwick , Skiena
The study of algorithms consists in analyzing their complexity and identifying particular use cases, depending on the tasks and data structures that need to be operated on.
Asking how many algorithms are the same as asking: how many formulas are there in mathematics?
The answer is a lot!
You can look at quite sensible courses on algorithmization on Coursera.
There are also enough cool video lectures on the rutracker.

Answer 2

The question is strange.
Are you trying to understand the "logic of what is happening"? Sorting algorithms or data structures such as a linked list or trees are few in what typical application tasks need to be implemented from 0.
So knowing this is of course useful and necessary, but not a fact that will help you figure out what you want. Unless, of course, you are not analyzing the olympiad / educational tasks. For example, maybe you need OOP or patterns more. Or technologies/libraries, HTTP protocol, TCP/IP, DB, winapi, etc., depending on the purpose.
And on algorithms, there are a bunch of the aforementioned books and courses, and there is no need to determine any of the 10 most famous ones.

Answer 3

What does "10 most famous algorithms" mean? Algorithms for solving what kind of problems are you interested in?

Answer 4

Well, you can also recommend D. Knuth's book. The art of programming. Reference book of algorithms with detailed analysis. If it seems complicated, then take Niklaus Wirth. Algorithms and data structures. This book can be found on torrents.